Theory of classical surface diffusion

The surface self-diffusion of tungsten was studied mainly by field ion microscopy (FIM). The atomic displacements observed have been evaluated in terms of diffusion coefficients. With more than one adatom on a plane at a time, interactions between adatoms occur, and binding energies may be deduced. Diffusion of single adatoms as well as of dimers and larger clusters was observed. In addition to FIM studies with atomic resolution, some effort was made to elucidate the dynamics of various tungsten surfaces also by field electron microscopy (FEM). In the following, a summary of reviews on FIM studies of tungsten selfdiffusion on various crystallographic surfaces is given. Then, measurements of correlations between fluctuations in the field-electron current (flicker noise) are described. The bulk of the following chapter involves the diffusion coefficient, D= Do • exp(— Q/kBT), which was determined on the various surfaces W(hkl) listed in order of increasing roughness.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-662-10154-4_3.pdf

Surface Self-Diffusion

Vibrational excitations and adatom diffusion near the reconstruction transition of W(100)

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Vibrational excitations and adatom diffusion near the reconstruction transition of W(100)