Aerobic respiration and dissimilative iron reduction were studied in pure, batch cultures of Pseudomonas sp. strain 200 ("Pseudomonas ferrireductans"). Specific respiratory inhibitors were used to identify elements of electron transport chains involved in the reduction of molecular oxygen and Fe(III). When cells were grown at a high oxygen concentration, dissimilative iron reduction occurred via an abbreviated electron transport chain. The induction of alternative respiratory pathways resulted from growth at low oxygen tension (less than 0.01 atm [1 atm = 101.29 kPa]). Induced cells were capable of O2 utilization at moderately increased rates; dissimilative iron reduction was accelerated by a factor of 6 to 8. In cells grown at low oxygen tension, dissimilative iron reduction appeared to be uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation. Models of induced and uninduced electron transport chains, including a mathematical treatment of chemical inhibition within the uninduced, aerobic electron transport system, are presented. In uninduced cells respiring anaerobically, electron transport was limited by ferrireductase activity. This limitation may disappear among induced cells.

/pdf/inhibitor-studies-of-dissimilative-fe-iii-reduction-by-5ugh5xheru.pdf

Inhibitor studies of dissimilative Fe(III) reduction by Pseudomonas sp. strain 200 ('Pseudomonas ferrireductans')

Manganese reduction was catalyzed by enrichment cultures of anaerobic bacteria obtained from coastal marine sediments. In the absence of oxygen, these enrichment cultures reduced manganates when grown on either lactate, succinate, or acetate in both sulfate-free and sulfate-containing artificial seawaters. Sodium azide as well as oxygen completely inhibited microbial manganese reduction by these enrichment cultures, whereas molybdate had no effect on them. The addition of nitrate to the medium slightly decreased the rate of Mn2+ production by these enrichment cultures. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the manganese-reducing organisms in these enrichment cultures use manganates as terminal electron acceptors and couple manganese reduction in some way to the oxidation of organic matter.

/pdf/microbial-manganese-reduction-by-enrichment-cultures-from-3sz6fmj30o.pdf

Microbial manganese reduction by enrichment cultures from coastal marine sediments.

https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.files/fileID/14699

Chemical removal of biomass from waste air biotrickling filters: screening of chemicals of potential interest

The metabolism of sulfide, sulfur, and acetate by Beggiatoa alba was investigated under oxic and anoxic conditions. B. alba oxidized acetate to carbon dioxide with the stoichiometric reduction of oxygen to water. In vivo acetate oxidation was suppressed by sulfide and by several classic respiratory inhibitors, including dibromothymoquinone, an inhibitor specific for ubiquinones. B. alba also carried out an oxygen-dependent conversion of sulfide to sulfur, a reaction that was inhibited by several electron transport inhibitors but not by dibromothymoquinone, indicating that the electrons released from sulfide oxidation were shuttled to oxygen without the involvement of ubiquinones. Intracellular sulfur stored by B. alba was not oxidized to sulfate or converted to an external soluble form under aerobic conditions. On the other hand, sulfur stored by filaments of Thiothrix nivea was oxidized to extracellular soluble oxidation products, including sulfate. Sulfur stored by filaments of B. alba, however, was reduced to sulfide under short-term anoxic conditions. This anaerobic reduction of sulfur was linked to the endogenous oxidation of stored carbon and to hydrogen oxidation.

Sulfur metabolism in Beggiatoa alba.

Experiments employing electron transport inhibitors, room- and low-temperature spectroscopy, and photochemical action spectra have led to a model for the respiratory chain of Pseudomonas carboxydovorans. The chain is branched at the level of b-type cytochromes or ubiquinone. One branch (heterotrophic branch) contained cytochromes b558, c, and a1; the second branch (autotrophic branch) allowed growth in the presence of CO and contained cytochromes b561 and o (b563). Electrons from the oxidation of organic substrates were predominantly channelled into the heterotrophic branch, whereas electrons derived from the oxidation of CO or H2 could use both branches. Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine was oxidized via cytochromes c and a exclusively. The heterotrophic branch was sensitive to antimycin A, CO, and micromolar concentrations of cyanide. The autotrophic branch was sensitive to 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, insensitive to CO, and inhibited only by millimolar concentrations of cyanide. The functioning of cytochrome a1 as a terminal oxidase was established by photochemical action spectra. Reoxidation experiments established the functioning of cytochrome o as an alternative CO-insensitive terminal oxidase of the autotrophic branch.

Carbon monoxide-insensitive respiratory chain of Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the inhibitors of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. For the investigation of the function and properties of the respiratory chain in mammalian systems—that is, in mitochondria, inhibitory agents play a major role. These substances can act either on electron transport, energy transfer, or the coupling between phosphorylation and electron transfer. Because an overlapping of the effects of certain inhibitors is frequently observed, the classification of the various substances as uncoupling agents or energy transfer-inhibitors is somewhat superficial, but useful. These can be classified either by their site of action or by their chemical nature. The use of inhibitors is a useful means of elucidating pathways of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in microorgamisms. The composition and function of bacterial cytoplasmic membrane systems shows that their properties are in general similar to those of mitochondria.

Chapter VII Inhibitors of Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

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Chapter VII Inhibitors of Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation