The use of planar fluidic devices for performing small-volume chemistry was first proposed by analytical chemists, who coined the term "miniaturized total chemical analysis systems" (/spl mu/TAS) for this concept. More recently, the /spl mu/TAS field has begun to encompass other areas of chemistry and biology. To reflect this expanded scope, the broader terms "microfluidics" and "lab-on-a-chip" are now often used in addition to /spl mu/TAS. Most microfluidics researchers rely on micromachining technologies at least to some extent to produce microflow systems based on interconnected micrometer-dimensioned channels. As members of the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) community know, however, one can do more with these techniques. It is possible to impart higher levels of functionality by making features in different materials and at different levels within a microfluidic device. Increasingly, researchers have considered how to integrate electrical or electrochemical function into chips for purposes as diverse as heating, temperature sensing, electrochemical detection, and pumping. MEMS processes applied to new materials have also resulted in new approaches for fabrication of microchannels. This review paper explores these and other developments that have emerged from the increasing interaction between the MEMS and microfluidics worlds.

Microfluidics meets MEMS

Review on microfabricated micro-solid oxide fuel cell membranes

The mixing quality of a single mixing unit and mixer arrays having various designs was characterized. A known test reaction for mixing quality had to be optimized, since a much higher sensitivity as for the characterization of macroscopic mixers was needed. This adapted test reaction allowed not only the characterization of the mixing quality but also analysis of the homogeneity of the flow distribution between parallely aligned mixing units. A comparison of the mixing quality to those of macroscopic reference systems (like mixing in stirred and unstirred vessels as well as to laminar and turbulent mixing-tees) is presented. The mixing quality−volume flow dependence revealed a complex behavior, the hydrodynamic origin of which has been analyzed.

/pdf/characterization-of-mixing-in-micromixers-by-a-test-reaction-1lwmh7o3t7.pdf

Characterization of Mixing in Micromixers by a Test Reaction: Single Mixing Units and Mixer Arrays

Interdigital-type glass micromixers with alternating feed channels to periodically create liquid multilamellae, were fabricated for basic investigations of hydrodynamics for liquid mixing of two streams. Three interdigital designs developed, rectangular, triangular, and slit-type, differed in their flow-through mixing chamber. These designs are based on simple polygon geometries and their combinations. The flow patterns of an aqueous solution dyed with blue and uncolored water were investigated for different interdigital mixers. Since mixing in a nonfocused device, such as the rectangular mixer, was not completed, focusing techniques were applied. Geometric focusing was used to reduce lamellae width and to speed up mixing. In the special version of the triangular mixer, SuperFocus mixer, liquid mixing times are reduced to about 10 ms, as determined by iron-rhodanide reaction imaging. In the latter case, the lamellae are compressed by a factor of 40, from a width of 160 to 4 μm. For both the triangular and slit-type micromixer, flow patterns differed from regular multilamination ones. At high flow rates, lamellae tilted. When the flow cross-sectional area was expanded, jet and associated eddies formed further improved mixing. Mixing investigations also helped develop imaging techniques. The rhodanide imaging complemented water blue contrasting.

Laminar mixing in different interdigital micromixers: I. Experimental characterization

Experimental and theoretical investigation of H2 oxidation in a high-temperature catalytic microreactor

Fabrication technologies for microsystems utilizing photoetchable glass

Investigation of the adhesive strength of PMMA structures on substrates obtained by deep X-ray lithography

Accuracy of structure transfer in deep X-ray lithography

Aligned double exposure in deep X-ray lithography

Microsystem technology between research and industrial application

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