: Over the past two decades, the solid − electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer that forms on an electrode ’ s surface has been believed to be pivotal for stabilizing the electrode ’ s performance in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, more and more researchers currently are realizing that the metal-ion solvation structure (e.g., Li + ) in electrolytes and the derived interfacial model (i.e., the desolvation process) can a ﬀ ect the electrode ’ s performance signi ﬁ cantly. Thus, herein we summarize recent research focused on how to discover the importance of an electrolyte ’ s solvation structure, develop a quantitative model to describe the solvation structure, construct an interfacial model to understand the electrode ’ s performance, and apply these theories to the design of electrolytes. We provide a timely review on the scienti ﬁ c relationship between the molecular interactions of metal ions, anions, and solvents in the interfacial model and the electrode ’ s performance, of which the viewpoint di ﬀ ers from the SEI interpretations before. These discoveries may herald a new, post-SEI era due to their signi ﬁ cance for guiding the design of LIBs and their performance improvement, as well as developing other metal-ion batteries and beyond.

/pdf/emerging-era-of-electrolyte-solvation-structure-and-1lk4417c.pdf

Emerging Era of Electrolyte Solvation Structure and Interfacial Model in Batteries

Thermodynamic functions of hydration of hydrocarbons at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa

Solvation of ions—enthalpies, entropies and free energies of transfer

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Ion selective electrodes, potentiometry, and potentiometric titrations.

A survey is made of the enthalpies of formation, third law entropies and Gibbs energies available for Krebs cycle and related compounds. These include formate, acetate, succinate, fumarate, glycine, alanine, aspartate and glutamate. The potential of the NAD+/NADH couple is recalculated based on the ethanol/acetaldehyde and isopropanol/acetone equilibria. The reported enzyme catalyzed equilibrium constants of the Krebs cycle reactions are evaluated with estimated errors. These 28 equilibria form a network of reactions that is solved by a least squares regression procedure giving Gibbs energies of formation for 21 Krebs cycle and related compounds. They appear to be accurate to ±0.4 kJ⋅mol−1 for some compounds but ±1 kJ⋅mol−1 in less favorable cases. This procedure indicates which third law ΔfG and enzyme equilibria are inaccurate, and allows very accurate ΔfG to be determined for compounds related to the Krebs cycle by measuring enzyme equilibrium constants.

The Thermodynamics of the Krebs Cycle and Related Compounds

Coordination and ionic solvation

Liquid junction potentials between electrolyte solution in different solvents

Faktoren, die F lussigkeitspotentiale beeinflussen, werden anhand von Versuchen an elektrochemischen Ketten experimentell sowie theoretisch untersucht.

Fluessigkeitspotentiale zwischen elektrolytloesungen in verschiedenen loesungsmitteln

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Coordination and ionic solvation

Liquid junction potentials between electrolyte solution in different solvents

Fluessigkeitspotentiale zwischen elektrolytloesungen in verschiedenen loesungsmitteln