Smart Packaging Technologies for Fast Moving Consumer Goods: Kerry/Smart Packaging Technologies for Fast Moving Consumer Goods

Smart packaging technologies for fast moving consumer goods.

The system requirements and characteristics necessary for the design and development of electrostatic-spraying machines uniquely adapted to agricultural pesticide applications are presented. The fundamental approach utilizes an electrostatic-induction nozzle to atomize pneumatically the spray (e.g., 30-50 ?m volume median diameter (VMD)) and to charge the conductive liquid (e.g., 10?1?104 ?m) typically to a ?10-mC/kg. charge-to-mass level. Aerodynamic trajection then disperses the charged pesticide droplets deep into the electrostatically shielded plant canopies where the electric field of the interspersed cloud's space charge (e.g., ?20 ?C/m3) is mainly relied upon for deposition. While the transient charge- transfer capability of living plants has been experimentally verified as adequate for electrostatic, spraying, gaseous discharges between sharp leaf tips and incoming charged spray clouds have been shown to introduce a deposit-limiting condition which is dependent upon plant morphology. Mass-transfer studies of the agricultural electrostatic spraying system have documented increases in droplet deposition efficiency ranging from two- to seven-fold onto various model and biological targets as compar, d with similar, uncharged sprays and with, conventionally applied sprays. Field evaluations of full-scale prototype electrostatic pesticide-spraying machines have verified the insect-control efficacy of electrostatic applications of 1/2-rates of pesticide to be equal to conventional spray application requiring full rates.

Electrostatic Pesticide Spraying: Concepts and Practice

Elestrostatic spraying of pesticides: A review

The ambient wind field and temperature gradient were found to be the most important parameters. Investigation results indicated that the majority of meteorological parameters affecting dispersion were interdependent and the exact mechanism by which these factors influence the particle dispersion was largely unknown. The types and approximately ranges of instrumented capabilities for a systematic study of the significant meteorological parameters influencing aerial applications were defined. Current mathematical dispersion models were also briefly reviewed. Unfortunately, a rigorous dispersion model which could be applied to aerial application was not available.

A review of the meteorological parameters which affect aerial application

Electrostatic Charging of Agricultural Sprays

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Electrostatic Charging of Agricultural Sprays