Aims

We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between serum uric acid and incident heart failure (HF)/prognosis of HF patients.



Methods and results

A systematic electronic literature search was conducted in Embase (Ovid SP, from 1974 to May 2013), Medline (Ovid SP, from 1946 to May 2013), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM, from 1978 to May 2013) to identify studies reporting on the association between serum uric acid and HF. Either a random effects model or a fixed effects model was used for pooling data. Five studies reporting on incident HF and 28 studies reporting on the adverse outcomes of HF patients were included. The results showed that hyperuricaemia was associated with an increased risk of incident HF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–1.94], and the risk of all-cause mortality (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.64–2.83), cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.18–1.78), and the composite of death or cardiac events (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.18–1.63) in HF patients. For every 1 mg/dL increase in serum uric acid, the odds of development of HF increased by 19% (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.17–1.21), and the risk of all-cause mortality and the composite endpoint in HF patients increased by 4% (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06) and 28% (HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.97–1.70), respectively. Subgroup analyses supported the positive association between serum uric acid and HF.



Conclusions

Elevated serum uric acid is associated with an increased risk of incident HF and adverse outcomes in HF patients.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1093/eurjhf/hft132

Uric acid and risk of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Conclusions. Already moderate levels of UA appear to be associated with an increased incidence of AMI, stroke and CHF in middle-aged subjects without prior cardiovascular disease. These associations seem to increase gradually from lower to higher levels of UA. UA may be an important complementary indicator of cardiovascular risk in the general population.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02133.x

Uric acid and risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and congestive heart failure in 417,734 men and women in the Apolipoprotein MOrtality RISk study (AMORIS).

Uric acid lowering treatment with benzbromarone in patients with heart failure: a double-blind

https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/56057/1/2011_Doehner_Semin_Nephrol_orig.pdf

Xanthine Oxidase and Uric Acid in Cardiovascular Disease: Clinical Impact and Therapeutic Options

Study Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic role of serum uric acid (UA) measurement in the hospital and long-term mortality assessment in subjects with acute heart failure (AHF) from the Acute HEart FAilure Database registry (AHEAD). The AHEAD registry comprised 4153 patients with AHF syndromes hospitalized at the AHEAD participating centers. Patients and Methods: The study included 1255 patients who were admitted to the AHEAD participating centers with acute decompensated chronic heart failure, de novo heart failure, or cardiogenic shock between September 2006 and October 2009 and who had information about serum UA concentration available at the time of hospital admission. The hospital and long-term mortality was followed using the centralized database of the Ministry of Health, Czech Republic.

Uric acid, allopurinol therapy, and mortality in patients with acute heart failure—results of the Acute HEart FAilure

https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(06)00451-7/pdf

Uric acid in CHF: Marker or player in a metabolic disease?

257 Mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin as a novel and prognostic marker in chronic heart failure (CHF)

/pdf/prevalence-and-clinical-implications-of-liver-dysfunction-in-1x2nqexwva.pdf

Prevalence and clinical implications of liver dysfunction in chronic heart failure

Intestinal permeability, bowel wall thickness and bacterial biofilm in patients with chronic heart failure compared to healthy controls

Extreme loss of body tissue in association with severe illness has been observed by physicians since ancient Greek times. The term ‘cachexia’ was the label for a ‘signum mali ominis’ in various, mostly fatal, diseases. Observing the chronicity of the course of a disease, cachexia was recognised as a severe complication indicating end-stage disease and poor quality of life. As modern treatment helps to prevent early death for an increasing number of chronic diseases, growing interest is focussed on chronic complications such as cachexia. Nevertheless, observation and clinical documentation of this condition go back as long as medical science itself. Pioneering studies on the reasons and mechanisms of cachexia were performed several decades ago. These studies provide fundamental insights and guidance towards a better understanding of cachexia.

Historic Views on Cachexia in Humans with Special Reference to Cardiac Cachexia

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