Phenomenology of Ohmic energy confinement saturation in tokamaks is reviewed. Characteristics of the linear Ohmic confinement (LOC) and saturated Ohmic confinement (SOC) regimes are documented and transformations in all transport channels across the LOC/SOC transition are described, including rotation reversals, 'non-local' cut-off and density peaking, in addition to dramatic changes in fluctuation intensity. Unification of results from nearly 20 devices indicates that the LOC/SOC transition occurs at a critical value of the product of the density, edge safety factor and device major radius, and that this product increases with toroidal magnetic field. Comparison with gyro-kinetic simulations suggests that the effects of sub-dominant TEMs are important in the LOC regime while ITG mode turbulence dominates with SOC.

/pdf/understanding-loc-soc-phenomenology-in-tokamaks-288wlsrr53.pdf

Understanding LOC/SOC phenomenology in tokamaks

Bifurcation phenomena observed in turbulence and transport, in topology of magnetic field and MHD, and the interplay between turbulence and MHD bifurcation in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas...

Bifurcation phenomena in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas

Understanding Cold-Pulse Dynamics in Tokamak Plasmas Using Local Turbulent Transport Models

Design of ECH launcher for KSTAR advanced Tokamak operation

Evolution of electron temperature, electron density and its fluctuation with high spatial and temporal resolutions are presented for the cold pulse propagation induced by super-sonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) in ohmic plasmas in the EAST tokamak. The non-local heat transport occurs for discharges with plasma current kA (), and electron density ne0 below a critical value of m−3. In contrary to the response of core electron temperature and electron density (roughly 10 ms after SMBI), the electron density fluctuation in the plasma core increases promptly after SMBI and reaches its maximum around 15 ms after SMBI. The electron density fluctuation in the plasma core begins to decrease before the core electron temperature reaches its maximum (roughly 30 ms). It was also observed that the turbulence perpendicular velocity close to the inversion point of the temperature perturbation changes sign after SMBI.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-4326/ab0665/pdf

Dynamics of cold pulses induced by super-sonic molecular beam injection in the EAST tokamak

Experiments of electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECH) power scan in KSTAR tokamak clearly demonstrate that both the cutoff density for non-local heat transport (NLT) and the threshold density for intrinsic rotation reversal can be determined by the collisionality. We demonstrate that NLT can be affected by ECH, and the intrinsic rotation direction follows the changes of NLT. The cutoff density of NLT and threshold density for rotation reversal can be significantly increased by ECH. The poloidal flow of turbulence in core plasma is in the electron and the ion diamagnetic direction in ECH plasmas and high density OH plasma, respectively. The auto-power spectra of density fluctuation are almost the same in the outer region for both ECH and OH plasmas. On the other hand, the divergence in density fluctuation spectra at high frequency range between OH and ECH plasma is clearly observed in core region. The features of linear confinement and saturated confinement also appeared in ECH plasma, which is similar to the linear ohmic confinement (LOC) mode and saturate ohmic confinement (SOC) mode. All these observations in macroscopic parameters and micro fluctuations suggest a possible link between the macro phenomena and the structural changes in turbulence mode.

/pdf/intrinsic-rotation-reversal-non-local-transport-and-31auzahgx9.pdf

Intrinsic rotation reversal, non-local transport, and turbulence transition in KSTAR L-mode plasmas

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Intrinsic rotation reversal, non-local transport, and turbulence transition in KSTAR L-mode plasmas