What community development and citizen participation should contribute to the new global framework for sustainable development

\n This paper looks at how global development projects implemented through non-governmental organizations (NGOs) engage with the Sustainable Development Goals promise of ethnic inclusion. Using beneficiary representation as an indicator, we conducted Focus Group Discussions and interviews with non-profit sector practitioners in Pakistan. Responses show that NGOs often use practices that reinforce existing biases, including community outreach through public spaces, dominant languages and informal social circles. Such practices lead to ethnic minorities being underrepresented. Furthermore, international actors have encouraged the non-profit sector in Pakistan to be more competitive, pushing resources away from community mobilization and rewarding efficiency over commitment. This shift from normative ideas of inclusion leads to selection practices that are cost efficient but not inclusive. Several recommendations are made in this regard.

http://academic.oup.com/cdj/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/cdj/bsab005/37075209/bsab005.pdf

Beyond good intentions: questioning the ‘leaving no one behind’ agenda in global development, evidence from Pakistan

Towards Inclusive Partnerships: The political role of Community Based Organisations (CBOs) and the Official Development Aid System (ODA) in Nairobi, Kenya.

By representing the voice of communities, community-based organizations (CBOs) are increasingly joining development partnerships. This article explores the inherently contradictory relationship between ‘voice raising’ and the politics of listening. While academia has mostly focused on the inclusion of CBOs, few studies have approached this subject from the perspective of the listening practices of ‘fundermediaries’ (a portmanteau term combining ‘funder’ and ‘intermediary’). This ethnographic research on a CBO led by male sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya, illustrates that the listening ability of fundermediaries hinges on their position in the aid chain, and specifically on the dynamics of their own accountability. The analysis distinguishes between two partnership types. The first uses a pragmatic approach, which ultimately limits the channels for CBOs to be included and heard, resulting in them having to ‘make noise’ to ensure they are heard. The second creates more possibilities to listen, engages in constructive dialogues with partner CBOs, and includes the ideas and expertise of CBOs in development strategies; hence, CBOs feel heard and are positive about these partnerships. Improved listening practices facilitate opportunities to reconfigure the position of the different actors in development partnerships and can benefit both the positions of CBOs in the aid chain and the programmatic outcomes of fundermediaries. 

‘Fundermediaries’ in Nairobi, Kenya: Development Partnerships in the Aid Chain

Research on women sex workers’ condom use with non-paying intimate partners suggests social norms of gender power in these relationships constrain women’s health-enhancing sexual practice. Theorizing gender relations and sexual practice as structural informs our analysis of elements of community mobilization interventions (CMI) that link to sex workers’ capacity to engage consistently in health-enhancing practices, in this case, condom use. We use data from a survey of women (who exchanged sex for money in the preceding 12 months) conducted in the context of an HIV-prevention intervention in southern India. Results of multinomial logistic regression indicate: higher odds of health-enhancing sexual practice with intimate partners and paying clients among women sex workers expressing collective efficacy; lower odds of health-diminishing sexual practice with clients among women sex workers empowered through peer interactions; lower odds of health-diminishing sexual practice with clients and lower odds of health-enhancing sexual practice with partners among women sex worker living in households structured by normative gender power relations. We suggest future research on how CMI promoting health-enabling social environments with women in sex work contribute to their capacity to engage in health-enhancing practices.

Community Mobilization Challenging Gender Power Imbalances: Women Sex Workers' Capacity to Engage in Health-Enhancing Practices in Southern India.

Charting new territory: community participation at the centre of global policy making

Background: Cirrhosis is an immunocompromised state which makes the host susceptible to infections of varied etiology. Mycobacterium abscessus has been implicated to cause respiratory infections in patients with underlying pulmonary diseases and also extrapulmonary infections like endocarditis, bacteremia, genitourinary, skin and soft tissue infections. There is only one report of M abscessus infection in cirrhosis in literature. 

Terrible trio of Mycobacterium abscessus, Candida parapsilosis and Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a patient with cirrhosis

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Charting new territory: community participation at the centre of global policy making

Terrible trio of Mycobacterium abscessus, Candida parapsilosis and Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a patient with cirrhosis