Purpose of review Giant cell arteritis (GCA) remains a potentially blinding inflammatory vasculitis of the elderly. Because prolonged doses of corticosteroids remain the best established treatment, side-effects during treatment are common and potentially serious. This review addresses the challenges clinicians face in managing this disease. Recent findings High-dose corticosteroids with slow tapering and close monitoring are the mainstay of treatment. Investigations into adjunctive treatment have yet to establish other agents as beneficial, but further research is ongoing with some promising results. Summary GCA represents a challenging illness to clinicians because of its potential for causing blindness and the need for prolonged high doses of corticosteroids with their many complications.

Treatment of giant cell arteritis.

Systemic vasculitides are a large group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by inflammatory destruction of blood vessels targeting diverse organs and tissues including the eye. As the most vascularized layer of the eye, the choroid is expected to be affected in multiple systemic rheumatologic diseases with vascular involvement. While there are plenty of studies investigating retinal vascular involvement, choroidal vascular involvement in systemic vasculitides has not been investigated in isolation. However, choroidal manifestations including thickness changes, choroidal vasculitis and ischemia may be the earliest diagnostic features of systemic vasculitic diseases. Thus, multimodal imaging of the choroid may help early detection of choroidal involvement which may also have prognostic implications in these life-threatening diseases. This article aimed to review involvement of the choroid in systemic vasculitic diseases. 

/pdf/choroidal-involvement-in-systemic-vasculitis-a-systematic-2zdo0zc4.pdf

Choroidal involvement in systemic vasculitis: a systematic review

Central serous chorioretinopathy is a disorder often related to systemic corticosteroids, drugs commonly used in rheumatologists’ clinical practice. Central serous chorioretinopathy prognosis is generally good but in some cases, it may lead to substantial loss of vision resulting in an important functional limitation for patients. It is very important to distinguish this pathology from other diseases involving retinal detachment. When central serous chorioretinopathy and uveitis coexist, it is mandatory to distinguish serous retinal detachment from a uveitis worsening, as the respective treatments can be radically different. We describe three cases of central serous chorioretinopathy in patients taking systemic corticosteroids due to rheumatological diseases (ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Behcet’s disease). They were diagnosed and managed at our Multidisciplinary (Rheumatology-Ophthalmology) Uveitis Clinic. All three cases improved after corticosteroids dose tapering. Central serous chorioretinopathy must be kept in mind by rheumatologists as it is related to systemic corticosteroids.

/pdf/central-serous-chorioretinopathy-and-systemic-4pf3a3dj5d.pdf

Central serous chorioretinopathy and systemic corticosteroids in rheumatic diseases: report of three cases

This retrospective, nationwide, matched cohort study investigated the temporal relationship of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) following topical ophthalmic corticosteroid (TOC) use. Using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000 (LHID2000), we collected patients diagnosed with CSCR between January 2001 and December 2010 (n  =  2921) and a control group (n  =  17,526). Information for each patient was collected and tracked from the index date until December 2011. TOC users were classified based on (i) the date of the last prescription before diagnosis: current users (≤30 days) and former users (31–182 days and ≥183 days) and (ii) the prescription refill intervals: persistent users (interval ≤90 days) and non-persistent users (interval >90 days). The odds ratio (OR) was estimated from multivariate conditional logistic regression after adjusting for relevant confounders. After adjusting for age, sex, geographic region, index date, previously known comorbidities, the date of last TOC prescription before diagnosis, or prescription refilling intervals, the results revealed that patients were likely to have developed CSCR while using TOCs currently (OR = 30.42, 95% CI = 25.95–35.66, p < 0.001) and persistently (OR = 7.30, 95% CI = 6.13–8.69, p < 0.001) as compared to the controls. Our results indicate that current or persistent TOCs use increases the risk of CSCR. Thus, patients requiring TOCs should be advised of this risk, particularly in current or persistent use conditions.

/pdf/temporal-association-between-topical-ophthalmic-1tnqofv1tg.pdf

Temporal Association between Topical Ophthalmic Corticosteroid and the Risk of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by a well-defined serous choroidal detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium with one or more focal lesions of the neurosensory retina. Risk factors for CSCR are psychosocial stress, increased endogenous catecholamine, and increased endogenous cortisol. Systemic steroids can cause ocular side effects such as cataract development, increased intraocular pressure, and less frequently the development of CSCR, which can resolve spontaneously with close follow-up and simple treatment modification. CSCR should be considered in patients who complain of worsening vision under steroid treatment for pathologies requiring steroid therapy. In this study we present two patients, one man and one woman, who developed acute CSCR while under systemic steroid treatment for Behcet’s disease.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Complication Associated with Behçet’s Disease Treatment

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an ophthalmic emergency which requires early diagnosis and treatment with high dose systemic corticosteroids in order to prevent permanent visual loss. However, systemic corticosteroids have significant ocular side effects including cataract formation, raised intraocular pressure, and less commonly, central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). We report a case of visual loss secondary to CSCR complicating corticosteroid therapy in GCA. When assessing patients with systemic conditions such as GCA or other vasculitic process, who complain of visual loss which is getting worse on corticosteroid treatment, clinicians should consider other causes such as CSCR as part of the differential diagnosis. Extra caution should be exercised in such cases as increasing the dose of corticosteroids might aggravate CSCR resulting in further visual loss.

/pdf/steroid-induced-central-serous-chorioretinopathy-in-giant-3k4h6nz0eg.pdf

Steroid Induced Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Giant Cell Arteritis

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Vineeth Kumar

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Steroid Induced Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Giant Cell Arteritis