Inner ear supporting cells: Rethinking the silent majority

Sox2 and Fgf interact with Atoh1 to promote sensory competence throughout the zebrafish inner ear

Postnatal development, maturation and aging in the mouse cochlea and their effects on hair cell regeneration.

Tracing Sox10-expressing cells elucidates the dynamic development of the mouse inner ear.

Atonal genes are basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that were first identified as regulating the formation of mechanoreceptors and photoreceptors in Drosophila. Isolation of vertebrate homologs of atonal genes has shown these transcription factors to play diverse roles in the development of neurons and their progenitors, gut epithelial cells, and mechanosensory cells in the inner ear and skin. In this article, we review the molecular function and regulation of atonal genes and their targets, with particular emphasis on the function of Atoh1 in the development, survival, and function of hair cells of the inner ear. We discuss cell-extrinsic signals that induce Atoh1 expression and the transcriptional networks that regulate its expression during development. Finally, we discuss recent work showing how identification of Atoh1 target genes in the cerebellum, spinal cord, and gut can be used to propose candidate Atoh1 targets in tissues such as the inner ear where cell numbers and biochemical material are limiting.

/pdf/the-role-of-atonal-factors-in-mechanosensory-cell-51dzw4gsj8.pdf

The Role of Atonal Factors in Mechanosensory Cell Specification and Function

Expression of candidate markers for stem/progenitor cells in the inner ears of developing and adult GFAP and nestin promoter-GFP transgenic mice.

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Expression of candidate markers for stem/progenitor cells in the inner ears of developing and adult GFAP and nestin promoter-GFP transgenic mice.