In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in the development and use of multi-modal sensors and technologies to monitor physical activity, sleep and circadian rhythms. These developments make accurate sleep monitoring at scale a possibility for the first time. Vast amounts of multi-sensor data are being generated with potential applications ranging from large-scale epidemiological research linking sleep patterns to disease, to wellness applications, including the sleep coaching of individuals with chronic conditions. However, in order to realise the full potential of these technologies for individuals, medicine and research, several significant challenges must be overcome. There are important outstanding questions regarding performance evaluation, as well as data storage, curation, processing, integration, modelling and interpretation. Here, we leverage expertise across neuroscience, clinical medicine, bioengineering, electrical engineering, epidemiology, computer science, mHealth and human–computer interaction to discuss the digitisation of sleep from a inter-disciplinary perspective. We introduce the state-of-the-art in sleep-monitoring technologies, and discuss the opportunities and challenges from data acquisition to the eventual application of insights in clinical and consumer settings. Further, we explore the strengths and limitations of current and emerging sensing methods with a particular focus on novel data-driven technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence.

/pdf/the-future-of-sleep-health-a-data-driven-revolution-in-sleep-4c3qvb4h2m.pdf

The future of sleep health: a data-driven revolution in sleep science and medicine.

This review study aimed to assess the nutrition situation in the UAE using published data from 2010 to 2022. It highlights the gaps and challenges that prevail in addressing the nutrition-related problems in the UAE and the opportunities that have been overlooked. The available literature indicates that the UAE is burdened with more than one form of nutrition-related problems, including being underweight, being overweight, obesity, micronutrient deficiencies, and nutrition-related chronic diseases. It is clear that data on micronutrient deficiencies, protein-energy malnutrition, obesity, diabetes, and other nutrition-related diseases among the UAE population are extremely scarce. The UAE has a high prevalence of obesity and diabetes; however, limited studies have been conducted to document this nutritional phenomenon. Few examples of published data are available assessing the burden of stunting, wasting, and being underweight among children under five years of age. Despite the importance of protein-energy malnutrition, no recent publications analyze its prevalence within the UAE population. Therefore, future studies must be conducted, focusing on malnutrition. Based on the literature, and bearing in mind the magnitude of the health issues due to the UAE population’s nutrition negligence, there is an urgent need to assess the population’s nutrient behaviors, to aid policy decision-makers in developing and implementing effective health policies and strategies.

/pdf/nutrition-situation-analysis-in-the-uae-a-review-study-12x3jikh.pdf

Nutrition Situation Analysis in the UAE: A Review Study

Vision Zero (VZ) is a prevention and commitment strategy for safe work without fatal or serious occupational diseases or accidents. National and international actions have been the sharing of good practices through networking. Simultaneously, the latest safety research has raised a new view (Safety-II), which focuses on human variety and success behind safety. However, VZ has been criticized for causing a risk of hiding incident data while targeting ‘zero’. According to some, Safety-II has produced a good philosophy, but has lacked practical implications. This study shows how interventions applying the holistic Human Factors (HF) perspective in 2000-2019 have facilitated a more analytical understanding, a positive view of safety as human action and more open discussion at workplaces, making Safety-II more concrete. Applying HF with the Safety-II view may further concretize and renew Vision Zero, and best utilize its potential in international networks.

Proceedings of the Vision Zero Summit 2019 12–14 November 2019 Helsinki, Finland

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are closely associated diseases with a significant impact on public health. Both diseases are highly prevalent and the common overlapping risk factors include obesity, old age, and a generally high preponderance in men. A growing body of evidence suggests a bidirectional association between OSA and T2DM; both, in turn, constitute as strong risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of premature deaths and morbidity in India. Several studies have reported a higher prevalence of OSA in Indian patients with T2DM, despite lower levels of obesity. However, OSA remains an underdiagnosed condition in Indian patients with T2DM due to lack of awareness, uncertainty about treatment options, and non-availability of diagnostic facilities. This document embodies evidence-based clinical practice recommendations and outlines an optimized care pathway for patients with T2DM and OSA, based on consensus multidisciplinary observations and clinical experiences. Implementation of screening, diagnosis, and treatment of OSA in patients with T2DM at initial stages could potentially alleviate the risk of cardiovascular disease and substantially improve their quality of life. The recommendations emphasize the need for collaborative efforts from diabetologists, endocrinologists, and sleep medicine specialists towards systematic screening, diagnosis, and treatment of coexisting T2DM and OSA for enhanced patient care.

RSSDI clinical practice recommendations for screening, diagnosis, and treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus with obstructive sleep apnea

Background: Type 2-diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease in which insulin resistance and reduced insulin with increased hepatic glucose production lead to hyperglycemia. The condition cannot be cured; however, the incidence can be delayed and the progression can be halted. This study researches the association of 2 modifiable risk factors- lifestyle and stress with Diabetes Mellitus. The study aimed to assess the role of stress and other lifestyle factors on the occurrence of diabetes mellitus. Studies on diabetes mellitus and its factors have not been done much in United Arab Emirates (UAE) so this research is aimed to determine the association between diabetes mellitus and, stress and lifestyle among residents of UAE. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. The participants were in the age group of 35 to 70 years. The duration of this study was six months. Patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and without diabetes mellitus were chosen randomly, and data were collected using a questionnaire. After obtaining the questionnaire with the desired sample size, data analysis was carried out using SPSS-26. The Chi-square test was used to find an association between the categorical variables and a two-sided P-value < 0.05 was taken as significant. The sample size was calculated by taking the level of significance as 5% and the power of the study as 80%. As per the previous study, the stress in the general population reported was 30% and the crude OR for DM those who are stressed as 2.4. This basic information is used to calculate the minimum required sample size for this study. The case-control ratio is taken as 1:2. The total participants for this study was 195 (65 cases and 130 controls). The inclusion criteria were both male and female patients of all nationalities and the exclusion criteria were patients with other disease conditions such as CVD, cancer and pregnant women. Results: A total of 205 participants were included in the study (71 cases; 134 controls). The study results showed that the prevalence of diabetes mellitus was not associated with marital status, type of job, total income, exercise, BMI (Body mass index), and the nature of work seen in Table 1 and Table 2. The age of the participants and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus showed a significance of P<0.001. The psychologic stress also showed a significant association (P<0.05). This study also showed a significant association between the educational qualification of the participant and Diabetes mellitus. This study showed an association between age and diabetes, as well as stress and diabetes. Conclusion: This study shows age and stress are significantly associated with diabetes. Age is a non-modifiable risk factor, while stress is a modifiable risk factor, so reducing stress levels can help reduce the risk and progression of diabetes mellitus.

Role of Lifestyle and Stress on Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Background: There is growing evidence that stress and sleep deprivation are involved in development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The latter is one of the most challenging health problems in the UAE. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of personalized intervention on glycemic and weight control in Emirati patients with T2DM. The intervention involved assessment and modification of stress levels and sleep patterns. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study conducted on 51 Emirati patients with T2DM (age 18-60 years, body-mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2): those in the intervention group who completed the trial numbered 18 and those in the control group who completed the trial numbered 17. Heart-rate variability was used for real-life and long-term assessments of stress, sleep, and recovery. Body weight, BMI, HbA1c and lipid profile were included in the investigation. The National Clinical Trial identifier number is NCT03644134. Results: Percentage change in body weight was significantly greater (P<0.05) in the intervention group (-3.2±2.9) than the control group (-0.02). Percentage change in the BMI of the intervention group was -4.50±5.9, while the control group exhibited less change in BMI (-0.0003±3.3, P<0.05). In addition, a significant reduction in HbA1c was observed in the intervention group (-5.3±15.7) and an increase of 9.9±13.1 was observed in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study show that personalized approaches that reduce stress levels, increase recovery levels, and promote healthy sleep habits play an important role in weight management and glycemic control in T2DM.

/pdf/personalized-intervention-to-improve-stress-and-sleep-1883qgpcm6.pdf

Personalized intervention to improve stress and sleep patterns for glycemic control and weight management in obese Emirati patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

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Personalized intervention to improve stress and sleep patterns for glycemic control and weight management in obese Emirati patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial.