Aim: Our study aimed to evaluate the infiltration of tissue eosinophils and mast cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by using special stains. Study Design: Comparative study. Place of Study : Sharad Pawar Dental College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra. Methodology: The study was carried out with the sample size of 30 histopathologically diagnosed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma and comparison of infiltration of these (tissue eosinophil and mast cells) inflammatory cells with control (normal) group of patients, was done by using special stains. Special stains are wonderful because they allow us to see which we cannot see with routine Haematoxylin and eosin stain. Special stains were used to demonstrate tissue eosinophils and mast cells. Carbol Chromotrope and congo red were used for tissue eosinophil and for mast cells staining toluidine blue and thionin were used.

Evaluation of Infiltration of Immunological cells (Tumour Associated Tissue Eosinophils and Mast cells) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Using Special Stains

Eosinophils are multifunctional granulocytes that play an imperative role in health and disease. They have also been found to be a crucial component of peri- and intratumoral inflammatory infiltrate. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) has been observed and described in many tumors, including head and neck neoplasia. The process of eosinophil recruitment and its function in tumors has not been exactly defined yet. Correlation of tissue eosinophilia with prognosis has shown variable results ranging from favourable to unfavourable prognosis or even having no influence on patients outcome. Eosinophils are hypothesized to have tumor defensive as well as tumor promotive function. This dichotomous role of tissue eosinophilia with regard to prognosis has also been noted in head and neck neoplasia and premalignancies. So, the present review attempts to discuss TATE and its possible pros and cons in head and neck neoplasia.

Tissue eosinophilia in head and neck squamous neoplasia: an update.

Background: The multifunctional involvement and infiltration of myeloid cells (tumor-associated tissue eosinophils [TATE] and mast cells) can provide a unique opportunity to define relevant effectors functions that may represent novel, therapeutic options for modulation of tumor onset/growth. Aim: Our study aimed to evaluate infiltration of myeloid cells (TATE and Mast cells) infiltration in different grades (WHO grading) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Total 30 cases of OSCC were selected for this study. Hematoxylin and eosin stain and toluidine blue special stain, to evaluate TATE and the mast cells infiltration, were used. Three-year follow-up of OSCC cases was done. Result: Among 30 cases, 63.33% cases of OSCC showed TATE-positive and 36.66% cases showed TATE-negative. Regarding mast cells infiltration, 66.66% OSCC cases showed mast cells positive and 33.33% cases did not show significant mast cells infiltration. We found significant association of TATE and mast cells infiltration in OSCC cases. These myeloid cells infiltration significantly associated with age of patients but did not show any significant association with gender, site, and habit of cases. When we compared these cells infiltration with clinical stages and different histological grades of tumor, we found their infiltration is decreasing, from Stages 1 to Stage 3 of tumor and from well to poorly differentiated carcinoma. We have also found the less infiltration of these myeloid in recurrence cases of OSCC. Conclusion: As the infiltration of TATE and mast cells are correlated, along with evaluation of TATE, we should also evaluate the presence of mast cells infiltration in OSCC. The assessment of myeloid cells could become, in the future, useful for therapeutic approaches in this subset of the patient.

Evaluation of myeloid cells (tumor-associated tissue eosinophils and mast cells) infiltration in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background Tumor associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) is believed to play a significant role in biological behavior of the carcinoma. Eosinophils are involved in immune reaction. Various studies have been carried out regarding their role in tumor progression or regulation. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), eosinophils are associated with favourable or unfavourable prognosis and hence their role is yet unclear. To compare the tissue eosinophils in OSCC and normal tissue and to correlate the expression of TATE in different grades of OSCC. Method Study comprised 30 cases, 6 normal and 24 histopathologically diagnosed with OSCC. 4 micron thick sections were stained using 1% congo red solution. The sections were examined under high power (×40) and 10 consecutive microscopic fields were studied. The average number of eosinophils were statistically analysed. Results The tabulated results showed that the median value of tissue eosinophils, increased in OSCC compared to normal mucosa. Analysis on different grades of carcinoma showed a higher TATE in Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma as compared to other grades. Conclusion The higher eosinophil count in OSCC compare to normal tissue might have a role in stromal invasion and infiltration. TATE can be used as an indicator of favourable prognosis in OSCC.

Tumor Associated Tissue Eosinophilia in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Histo-Chemical Analysis.

Background: Inflammation in tumor microenvironment assists in both promotion and growth of tumor. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) is the term used when eosinophils are observed in a tumor tissue with inflammatory infiltrate. Although carcinogenesis with inflammation is one of the important hallmarks, the exact role of eosinophils remains unclear. Various studies on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that focused on eosinophils reported both favorable and unfavorable prognosis in cancer tissue, because of which the exact function of eosinophils still remains uncertain. Aims and Objectives: The present study aims at identifying the role of TATE in OSCC and in malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Materials and Methods: The study includes 70 samples that divided into two groups, of which 50 histopathologically proven cases of different grades of OSCC and 20 cases of OED (oral leukoplakia). Congo red stain was used to stain the tissue sections. Each slide was viewed under high power in 10 consecutive microscopic fields for counting of eosinophils. Results: Statistical analysis of values obtained was done using ANOVA, unpaired t-test and Mann–Whitney test. The results were statistically significant (P Conclusion: The present study showed higher eosinophil counts in OSCC when compared to dysplasia which should prompt for a thorough evaluation of tumor front for invasiveness. Therefore, tissue eosinophil count may be used as an adjunct to predict the malignant transformation of dysplastic lesions to OSCC.

Eosinophils: An imperative histopathological prognostic indicator for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: In oral carcinoma much effort has been made to predict the prognosis of patients but a sound understanding of underlying cell biology is likely to need progress. Recently, attention has been directed towards tumour associated tissue eosinophils and mast cells and their role in the biologic behavior of tumours. Aim: The retrospective study was used to evaluate the influence of tumour associated tissue eosinophils and mast cells on prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Material and methods: The follow-up, of histopathologically diagnosed thirty cases of OSCC, was carried out for minimum period of 3 years. Special stains are wonderful they allow us to see which we can not see clear with routine H&E stain.Tissue sections were stained with special stains, Carbol Chromotrope for tissue eosinophil and Toluidine blue for tissue mast cell staining. Result: The results of the present study shows that increase infiltration of tissue eosinophils and mast cells in OSCC, associated with favourable prognosis. Conclusion: We concludes that infiltration of tissue eosinophils and mast cells are indicators of favourable prognosis in OSCC. Thus quantitative assessment of eosinophils and mast cells are the most important aspects of the microscopic evaluation of OSCC.

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Evaluation of Prognostic Significance of Immunological Cells (Tissue Eosinophil and Mast Cell) Infiltration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Evaluation of Prognostic Significance of Immunological Cells (Tissue Eosinophil and Mast Cell) Infiltration in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma