(1) Background: Along with the maturity of smart cities, digital villages and smart villages are receiving more attention than ever before as the key to promote sustainable rural development. The Chinese government has made great efforts in promoting the digital development of villages in recent years, as evidenced by policies intensively introduced by the central and local governments, making China a typical representative country in the world. (2) Methods: This paper evaluates the performance and geographic pattern of rural digital development by the Geographic Information System (GIS) in Gansu, a less developed province in western China, and analyzes the driving mechanism of rural digital development using GeoDetector, providing a basis for spatial zoning and differentiated policy design for the construction, planning and management of digital villages based on the GE matrix. (3) Results: First, the development of digital villages shows a prominent geographical imbalance, with 79 counties divided into leader, follower and straggler levels. Second, digital villages show unsynchronized development in different dimensions, with the village facilities digitalization index in the lead and the village economy digitalization index lagging behind. Thirdly, the development of digital villages is characterized by significant spatial correlation and spillover effects, with cold and hot counties distributed in clusters, forming a “center-periphery” structure. Fourth, the factors show significant influence differentiation. They are classified into all-purpose, multifunctional and single-functional factors by their scope of action, and into key, important and auxiliary factors by their intensity of action. Fifth, the interaction and driving mechanism between different factors is quite complex, dominated by nonlinear enhancement and bifactor enhancement, and the synergistic effect of factor pairs helps increase the influence by 1–4 times. (4) Conclusions: It is suggested that the government develop differentiated policies for zoning planning and management based on the level of digital development of villages in combination with the factor influence and its driving mechanism and promote regional linkage and common development and governance through top-level design.

/pdf/the-impact-factors-and-management-policy-of-digital-village-3u7ut060.pdf

The Impact Factors and Management Policy of Digital Village Development: A Case Study of Gansu Province, China

The aim of this paper is to evaluate some villages in the mountain area of Sibiu County, Romania, as “smart” tourist villages. The research was carried out in two stages: Stage 1 was collection of information on (a) food products registered in different national and international quality schemes and (b) the number of tourist structures by type, comfort category, and accommodation capacity. Stage 2 was a case study conducted among 32 rural tourism entrepreneurs from 3 villages in Mărginimea Sibiului, using a questionnaire with 22 items on the criteria for evaluation of “smart” villages. The answers were systematized, statistically processed, and interpreted. The main results are as follows: (a) Concerning products, producers, and gastronomic points (PGL) registered, there are 9 products in the quality scheme “mountain product”, 10 producers on the platform “Gusturisibiene”, 1 producer of “telemea de Sibiu”, a registered product with protected geographical indication, and 2 PGL. (b) The number of officially registered tourist structures is 93, of which 72% are agritourism guesthouses. (c) The results for the evaluation of villages as “smart” are that 78.2% of locals use the internet, 74% own at least one smart device, 60.16% of energy used is renewable. There are low values of water and air pollution; there are local job and business opportunities (93.75%); future local development activities will target agriculture with all its sectors and agritourism; public administrations have implemented 7 types of activities to increase the attractiveness of localities; and quality of life, services, and social life aspects are perceived to be at high standards.

/pdf/can-we-talk-about-smart-tourist-villages-in-marginimea-1zuyqos7.pdf

Can We Talk about Smart Tourist Villages in Mărginimea Sibiului, Romania?

The examination of “smart” growth in various economic and societal development areas and contexts has spread around the globe, in both scientific and policy discourse, with a recent focus on transformations concerning “smart” green growth, “smart” regional development, and green transformation, including “smart” villages. However, until recently, much confusion has existed regarding different understandings of “smartness” for different communities in different contexts. The main aims of this research are to emphasize the proliferation of perceptions of the term “smart” in different contexts of growth and development paradigms and policy agendas and to illustrate the theoretical findings with a case study concerning Lithuanian perceptions of “smart” development of rural areas. We applied a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods in this study. The research results and the suggested policy recommendations propose that, currently, “smartness” is perceived more broadly than as a simple application of the word “smart”; i.e., it involves intelligent digital equipment or mechanisms in a particular setting. In the context of economic and political processes—at all levels, supranational, regional, and local—“smart” growth includes “green” growth, increasingly emphasizing the ambition to create holistic intelligent [eco]systems to provide better services—i.e., “smarter” and “greener” services—to the quality of life for human beings.

/pdf/toward-holistic-perceptions-of-smart-growth-in-development-29v11w59.pdf

Toward Holistic Perceptions of “Smart“ Growth in Development Paradigms and Policy Agendas

Quantitatively measuring rural digitalization performance and development sustainability, identifying their key influencing factors and figuring out their driving mechanisms are of great value to policy design for rural revitalization and management. This paper analyzed the sustainable development degree, spatial patterns, and influencing factors of rural digitization in Hunan Province, China, based on a combination of PSR, TOPSIS, ESDA, GWR and GeoDetector, in an attempt to provide a basis for the planning and policy design of rural management. The sustainability and construction performance of rural digitalization in Hunan were characterized by significant spatial inequality and positive autocorrelation, with coefficients of variation of 0.33 and 0.24, and Moran’s I values of 0.29 and 0.34, respectively. The rural digitalization in Hunan showed significant non-equilibrium across different dimensions and brought forward diversified combination patterns, including single dimensional leadership, dual dimensional leadership, three-dimensional leadership, and all-round development. The pattern dual dimensional leadership, especially PS (pressure + state), was dominant in the sustainability of rural digitalization, compared to the pattern single dimensional leadership dominant in the construction performance, especially I (rural infra-structure digitalization), IL (rural infrastructure + life digitalization), IG (rural infrastructure + governance digitalization). The sustainability and construction performance of rural digitalization in Hunan were subject to a complex driving mechanism, with different factors differing significantly in their action nature, force, spatial effects and interactions. Notably, economic development (gross domestic product) is a positive key factor, while government intervention capacity (fiscal self-sufficiency rate) is an important factor, and natural environment (relief amplitude) is a mixed auxiliary factor (both positive and negative). Factor interactions were mainly characterized by nonlinear enhancement and a large number of super factor pairs. Therefore, the policy design should take into account both localized and differentiated management; and also emphasize enhanced cooperation with adjacent counties and synergistic management. It is suggested to divide Hunan into four planning zonings of leading, potential, warning and general zone, and design the spatial policies for each of them according to the driving mechanism, so as to develop a more reasonable and practical combination of development projects and management policies.

pdf/performance-and-sustainability-evaluation-of-rural-12xmxoqdna.pdf

Performance and sustainability evaluation of rural digitalization and its driving mechanism: evidence from Hunan province of China

Digitization is becoming the key to achieving rural revitalization, and there is a complex inter-active relationship with farmer enrichment, and agriculture development, making it highly valued by governments around the world. Quantitatively evaluating the symbiotic relationship between rural digitization, farmer enrichment, and agricultural development, and reveal the driving mechanism behind them, which can provide evidence for the rural government, agricultural enterprises, and relevant stakeholders. This paper conducts an empirical study of 84 digital village national pilots in China based on coupling coordination model and geographically weighted regression, with focus on the spatial characteristics, symbiotic relationship and driving mechanisms of the pilots. The symbiotic relationship between rural digitization, farmer enrichment, and agriculture development has significant heterogeneity, with most of the pilots in coordination state. The driving mechanism of rural digitization, farmer enrichment, agriculture development, and symbiotic relationship were complicated, with significant heterogeneity and synergy in the driving forces of different factors, and special attention should be paid to spatial effects (the nature and intensity of regression coefficients in local regions) in the policy design and implementation. It is worth noting that population aging mainly plays a negative role, while industrialization, government support, resident capacity plays a positive role. The other factors play both positive and negative roles. Income gap between urban and rural residents, population aged 65 and above, financial self-sufficiency are the most critical factors. We suggest developing differentiated management policy, accurate management policy, and integrated management policy, which can provide a basis for digital village and smart village planning, construction and management in China. In view of the significant differences in rural digitalization and its driving mechanisms in different pilots as shown in the study, it is necessary to design differentiated spatial policies according to local conditions, to design accurate management policies based on the driving effects of key single factors, and to design integrated development policies by taking into account the interactive effects of multiple factors.

Evaluation, mechanism and policy implications of the symbiotic relationship among rural digitization, agricultural development and farmer enrichment: evidence from digital village pilots in China

We are going through a period in which the concept of the smart village (SV) is a novelty for the management of a community, and the new smart economy of the village is based on the power of community support. Appropriately, the development of a SV is related to a family’s participation in the motivation and access to education, the increase in knowledge of information technology, information and communications technology (ICT) literacy, and also in the creation of facilities for research and development (R&D). The partnership between the public administration, the private sector, and the community heads will lead to a smart economy within the village. At the same time, the intervention of the food system to support climate change can be supported by intelligent agriculture. The SV has a strong social significance; research in the field can be multidisciplinary, including human nutrition, climate change, and community education. This paper aims to X-ray the research areas of the SV from a multidisciplinary sense, in support of the partnership with the community, and to identify the main directions of strategic development. In total, 368 pieces of research on SVs from the last ten years were analyzed through bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software, doubled by the co-occurrence of keywords and the bibliometric combination of documents, followed by a systematic review of the literature. The research undertaken was intended to contribute to the development of research for SVs, with the analysis of identified clusters. The results obtained will have a special contribution at the SV level through strategic and research proposals and suggest that the most important strategic and research directions for SVs focus on community education, its satiety, as well as several environmental and social changes generated by SVs.

/pdf/perspectives-on-smart-villages-from-a-bibliometric-approach-2hh9uean.pdf

Perspectives on Smart Villages from a Bibliometric Approach

PMTV (Potato Mop-Top Virus ) and PAMV (Potato Aucuba Mosaic Virus) are new damaging pathogens of potato crop in Romania. They can cause serious reduced yield and decrease of the tuber’s quality. In case of these viruses, infected plants do not allways show signs of disease and the symptoms depend on potato cultivar, virus strain and the environment. PMTV and PAMV infection of material plants can produce spraing in tubers of sensitive varieties. PMTV causes heavy losses in northen Europe and it is very difficult to control. PAMV is a helping virus for the development of dangerous potyvirus like Potato Virus Y (PVY). Elimination of all these pathogens from the potato supply chain is essential for potato production and choosing resistant varieties to the infection with these viruses could be one of the measures recommended for farmers and producers. The results of this preliminary study shows that PMTV and PAMV were not found in the material collected from the following varieties: Armonia, Azaria, Christian and Millenium (samples collected from the counties Braşov, Covasna, Harghita, Suceava in 2019, 2020 and 2021).

/pdf/an-overview-regarding-the-incidence-of-some-necrotic-viruses-lgn3du2k.pdf

An overview regarding the incidence of some necrotic viruses in several romanian areas

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Perspectives on Smart Villages from a Bibliometric Approach

An overview regarding the incidence of some necrotic viruses in several romanian areas