Abstract The phonologies of Australia can now be investigated with new tools for large-scale phonological typology. Here we draw on an empirical dataset covering three hundred thousand lexical entries from over two hundred and fifty language varieties, which enables us to understand continent-level phonological variation in significantly more detail than previously. Variation is observed in terms of major genealogical groupings of languages, comparing the variation among them and within them. Three topics are selected based on their importance to our understanding of continental phonological diversity in Australia, and their potential to shed new light within the space available. They are: the principle characteristics and parameters of variation in consonant phonotactics; vowel phonotactics, specifically statistical harmony between vowels in adjacent syllables; and issues of analysis at the intersection of segment inventories and phonotactics, namely contour segments such as prestopped nasals. 

Phonotactics

Abstract The Oxford Guide to Australian languages is a wide-ranging reference work that provides information about the more than 550 traditional and new Indigenous languages of Australia. There are chapters covering phonology, morphology, and syntax; language change, typology, and language classification, and language in the social sphere, including sociolinguistics and language variation, child-directed speech, and multilingualism. It describes the contemporary linguistic landscape, including language endangerment and reclamation. It is an up-to-date compendium of knowledge on traditional and contemporary languages, with a particular focus on material which is not covered in the handbooks from the past. 

The Oxford Guide to Australian Languages

The voyage of the "First Fleet" from Britain to the new colony of New South Wales was not only a military enterprise, it also had a distinct scientific purpose. Britain's fifth Astronomer Royal, Nevil Maskelyne, had selected William Dawes, a promising young Marine with a propensity for astronomical observations, as his protege. Maskelyne convinced the British Board of Longitude to supply Dawes with a suite of state-of-the-art instruments and allow the young Marine to establish an observatory in the new settlement. The Astronomer Royal may have had a dual motivation, one driven by strategic national interests combined with a personal investment linked to the suggested re-appearance of a comet in the southern sky. With the unexpected assistance of the French Laperouse expedition, between 1788 and 1791 Dawes established not one but two observatories within a kilometre of Sydney's present-day city centre. Motivated by persisting confusion in the literature, we explore the historical record to narrow down the precise location of Dawes' observatory. We conclude that the memorial plaque attached to Sydney Harbour Bridge indicates an incorrect location. Overwhelming contemporary evidence -- maps, charts and pictorial representations -- implies that Dawes' observatory was located on the northeastern tip of the promontory presently known as The Rocks (formerly Dawes' Point), with any remains having vanished during the construction of the Harbour Bridge.

Sydney's Scientific Beginnings: William Dawes' Observatories in Context

This chapter advances the historiography of Australian planning by describing the ways in which its practices both symbolically erased Aboriginal occupation, possession and utiliszation, and physically reinforced segregation and discrimination. Asymmetrical colonial power relations were expressed through a set of practices and ideas that shaped the modern planning discipline: mapping, surveying, naming, zoning and regulating space. Emphasis is placed on those agents of colonialism who sought to bring order and control to the so-called ‘new world’ and rationalisze colonial occupation: - the explorer who mapped the “‘wastelands”’, the surveyor who laid out the cadastral grid and re-named the landscape, the civiliszing Chief Protector of Aboriginal Protesctor and the colonial civil servant.

The colonial technologies and practices of Australian planning

Abstract This chapter presents a preliminary typology of interjections in Australia, based on a balanced sample of 37 languages. We first discuss the classification of interjections into classes, then specific semantic profiles, as well as resemblances in forms where applicable. Most of the interjections in our data fit within one of the three classes identified by Ameka (1992)—conative, phatic, and expressive. Yet, two additional small classes, labelled ‘constative’ and ‘social’, are needed to reach a satisfying classification. Of the major classes, conative interjections are the most frequently reported; and among them, attention-seekers are the most frequent semantic profile. Phatic interjections are less consistently described, except for the very widespread ‘yes’ and ‘no’. Among expressive interjections, pain, surprise and compassion are the most common types, and pain and surprise present remarkable resemblances in form. Further research is needed to assess whether these observations are specific to Australia, or reflect universal trends. 

Interjections

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Aboriginal placenames around Port Jackson and Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia: sources and uncertainties

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Aboriginal placenames around Port Jackson and Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia: sources and uncertainties