Phytoestrogens are literally estrogenic substances of plant origin. Although these substances are useful for plants in many aspects, their estrogenic properties are essentially relevant to their predators. As such, phytoestrogens can be considered to be substances potentially dedicated to plant–predator interaction. Therefore, it is not surprising to note that the word phytoestrogen comes from the early discovery of estrogenic effects in grazing animals and humans. Here, several compounds whose activities have been discovered at nutritional concentrations in animals and humans are examined. The substances analyzed belong to several chemical families, i.e., the flavanones, the coumestans, the resorcylic acid lactones, the isoflavones, and the enterolignans. Following their definition and the evocation of their role in plants, their metabolic transformations and bioavailabilities are discussed. A point is then made regarding their health effects, which can either be beneficial or adverse depending on the subject studied, the sex, the age, and the physiological status. Toxicological information is given based on official data. The effects are first presented in humans. Animal models are evoked when no data are available in humans. The effects are presented with a constant reference to doses and plausible exposure.

/pdf/phytoestrogens-and-health-effects-2q3vs5qe.pdf

Phytoestrogens and Health Effects

Objective(s): Baicalein (BC), a phytoestrogen of the flavonoid family shows beneficiary and adverse effects. Effect of BC on reproduction is still not understood. Reproductive toxic effects on female mice were tested in this study.Materials and Methods: Inseminated Wistar mice were divided into four groups and administered IP with 30, 60, and 90 mg/Kg body weight of BC on gestation daydays 11, 13, 15, and 17, and controls treated with DMSO. They were allowed to deliver pups and offspring were separated gender-wise on day 21. The stages of the estrus cycle and its lengthlengths of three successive cycles were measured from day 38 of young females. The mature female offspring of at 60 days age havewere cohabited with control males and the female reproductive endpoints and body weights of dams were measured. Results: The BC exposure increased the length of the estrus cycle, especially the metestrus and diestrus phases were prolonged among other phases of the estrus cycle. Recorded significant reduction in the body weights (P<0.05) of prenatally BC exposed dams on 8 and 18 days of gestation. A significant increase in the conception time (P<0.0001), pre (53.42%) and post (8.82%) implantation loss, and resorptions (P=0.055), whereas a significant decrease in the number of implantations and live fetuses (P<0.0001) were found in BC exposed dams in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Prenatal BC exposure prolonged the estrus cycle due to the augmented length of metestrus and diestrus phase, and is reportingreported for the first time. Female fertility output in mice is affected severely by prenatal BC exposure.

https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_12383_1fe591e5da4bf19d70a9d9c0848ef555.pdf

Baicalein, a flavonoid, causes prolonged estrus and suppressed fertility output upon prenatal exposure in female mice.

Biochanin-A (BCA) is an isoflavone chemically called as 4-methyl genistein. It is plant derived non-steroidal compound, possesses estrogen like biological Activity The present study focussed on the changes of Reproduction in female rats exposed to BCA during the perinatal period.Pregnant rats were intra peritoneally exposed to 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg/kg body weight (wt.) on gestation days 12th, 14th, 16th and 18th. Rats were allowed to deliver pups and the BCA exposure was continued lactationally till weaning. Female pups were separated and fed with normal pellet for 80 days and then estrus cycle length was measured. SignificanAE increase in the duration of the estrus cycle was measured in rats exposed to BCA during the perinatal period. To assess the Reproductive performance of BCA exposed female progeny, mated with 90days old normal males. Observed increase in the Conception time and decrease in the number of implantations and also increase in pre and post implantations loss. To confirm the BC-A induced Reproductive Abnormalties in females computatinally docking studies was performed with aromatase and β estrogen receptor (β-ER) and in comparison with its substrates androstenedione and estradiol respectively along with BC-A and found strong competitive inhibition by BC-A with the substrates of aromatase and β-ER. It is very clear from the result that pre and post natal exposure of BCA suppresses the female reproduction in rats..

/pdf/in-utero-exposure-of-biochanin-a-alters-female-reproduction-1gwna7h9n1.pdf

In Utero Exposure of Biochanin-A Alters Female Reproduction in Rat.

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In Utero Exposure of Biochanin-A Alters Female Reproduction in Rat.