A method is described for the histochemical demonstration of proteolytic enzymes by digestion of a gelatin-silver film. The effect of inhibitors, fixation and heat upon pancreatic proteases and peripheral nerve cathepsin is discussed

The histochemical demonstration of protease by a gelatin-silver film substrate

Weanling rats were fed diets which contained either no protein or 27% protein. In one experiment after 23-35 days both groups were given l-leucine-4,5-3H either intragastrically or intraperitoneally and then sacrificed 24 hr later. In a second experiment animals were given these diets for 21 days and sacrificed 3, 6, or 12 hr after either intragastric or intraperitoneal administration of the labeled leucine. In both experiments the intestinal mucosa of proximal and distal segments of the small intestine was scraped, weighed, the protein concentration measured, and the specific activty of the mucosal protein was determined.

The wet weight of the mucosa and the protein concentration of the mucosa were significantly greater in the control animals than in the protein-depleted animals. The mucosal protein per 100 g of body weight was the same in the protein-deprived and the control groups. The specific activity of the intestinal mucosal protein was higer in the protein-deprived animals than in the control animals.

In the protein-deprived animals the proximal segment incorporated more radioactive amino acid into mucosal protein than did the distal segment at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr after the amino acid was given by mouth. A similar difference was found between the proximal and distal segments of the control animals 6 hr after oral adminisstration of l-leucine-3H. On the other hand, when the l-leucine-3H was given intraperitoneally to both groups of animals there was no difference between proximal and distal small intestine. These findings suggest that intestinal mucosal protein can be synthesized directly from intraluminal amino acids, especially during protein deprivation, and that endogenous intraluminal protein might be important in the nutrition of the small intestinal mucosa.

/pdf/protein-starvation-and-the-small-intestine-iii-incorporation-3wsrkitc7h.pdf

Protein starvation and the small intestine: III. Incorporation of orally and intraperitoneally administered l-leucine 4,5-3H into intestinal mucosal protein of protein-deprived rats

After 10 days of a protein-free diet the acinar cells of the rat pancreas showed a coarsening of nuclear matrix, depletion of zymogen granules, some loss of ribosomes, and a widening of the spaces between ergastoplasmic membranes. In addition, there could be found, but rarely, a lesion of the ergastoplasm consisting of vacuoles of agranular, disoriented membranes, which was similar to a lesion produced by ethionine. Thereafter, a return toward normal structure occurred which was characterized by beginning increase in the size of the Golgi apparatus at 12 days, appearance of zymogen granules at 18 days, and a relatively normal appearing but smaller cell at 28 days. After 10 to 12 days of protein deprivation a reversal of many of the morphologic effects of protein deprivation was accompanied by a return toward normal of some pancreatic enzyme activities. Possibly this spontaneous return toward normal levels represented a raiding of protein stores, or it may have been an adaptive phenomenon.

/pdf/changes-in-pancreatic-acinar-cells-during-protein-2tbas33idx.pdf

Changes in pancreatic acinar cells during protein deprivation.

Growing dogs were divided into three groups and were fed on a control (rice) diet, a diet in which cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz; gari) was used as the carbohydrate source, and the rice diet to which cyanide (equivalent to that present in gari) was added. Each group consumed its diet for 14 weeks, during which plasma thiocyanate concentration and plasma lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) activity were monitored. Plasma free amino acids were determined from pooled samples taken at the end of the experimental period, and the insulin status of the dogs was evaluated using the gluconeogenic index. The dogs were killed and the pancreas examined for histopathology. Dogs fed on both gari diet and the rice+cyanide diet generated significant amounts of thiocyanate when compared with the controls, with the rice+cyanide group having higher plasma thiocyanate than the gari group (P < 0.01). Plasma lipase activity rose significantly at the end of the experimental period in the dogs fed on gari (P < 0.05). Gluconeogenesis from protein was greatest in the dogs fed on gari, five times greater than that in the control dogs, while gluconeogenesis from protein in the dogs fed on rice+cyanide was approximately twice as high as that of the control dogs. Histopathological examination of the pancreas showed haemorrhage, necrosis, fibrosis and atrophy of the acinar tissue and fibrosis of the islets of Langerhans in the dogs fed on gari. The pancreas of the dogs fed on rice+cyanide showed similar lesions but haemorrhage was not prominent and fibrosis was more marked. The present study indicated that a hypoinsulinaemia developed which was more severe in the animals fed on gari than in the dogs fed on the rice+cyanide diet and that the condition was not related to the level of plasma thiocyanate or the histopathology observed.

/pdf/the-effect-of-a-nutritionally-balanced-cassava-manihot-2z0by38nla.pdf

The effect of a nutritionally-balanced cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz ) diet on endocrine function using the dog as a model 2. Thyroid

(1966). The use of Tapioca Meal in Poultry Rations. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 113-125.

The use of Tapioca Meal in Poultry Rations

Histochemistry of a condition resembling kwashiorkor produced in rodents by a low protein-high carbohydrate diet (Cassava).

Changes in the adrenal and pituitary gland in experimental malnutrition

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Histochemistry of a condition resembling kwashiorkor produced in rodents by a low protein-high carbohydrate diet (Cassava).

Changes in the adrenal and pituitary gland in experimental malnutrition