Sugarcane straw, consisting of green tops and dry leaves, can be maintained on fields to improve soil quality, or harvested for bioenergy production. The optimum option between these two uses is still uncertain and requires further study. This study, conducted across three crop cycles, provides an assessment of the moisture, nutrients, ash, extractives, cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin contents of four sugarcane varieties across seven regions of south-central Brazil. Suitability of the straw fractions for nutrient recycling, bioelectricity, and second-generation ethanol production were also evaluated. Results showed that the sugarcane straw yield (dry mass) was 14.0 Mg ha−1, and the ratio of dry straw/fresh stalk was 12%. The composition of green tops and dry leaves differed consistently across varieties, sites, and crop cycles. Dry leaves represented 60% of the straw, but green tops contained about 70% of the total N, P, and K content. Therefore, green tops recycled up to four times more nutrients than dry leaves. Green tops also had six times higher moisture and greater chlorine content which decreased the mill process efficiency. In turn, dry leaves had higher lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses content, greater heating value (higher: 17.3 MJ kg−1; lower: 15.6 MJ kg−1) and tended to be a better second-generation ethanol production feedstock. Overall, the results show that it is preferable to use dry leaves for bioenergy production while leaving green tops on the field for nutrient recycling. This study pointed out that more efficient methods for separating these fractions in the field need to be developed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Comprehensive assessment of sugarcane straw: implications for biomass and bioenergy production

Modelling nitrogen dynamics in sugarcane systems: Recent advances and applications

A field decomposition and release of nutrients from trash of sugar cane mechanically harvested and without previous detrashing through burning was evaluated. During the experimental period ¾ August 1996 through August 1997 ¾ rainfall was 1,733 mm and mean maximum and minimum temperatures were 28.0 and 18.0oC, respectively. After one year the mass of trash remained on field decreased of approximately 20%, mostly derived from the decarboxylation of the cell content and hemicelulose. Among all structural carbohydrates only the hemicelulose decomposed. The percentage of K, Ca and Mg released in relation to the total nutrient content in original trash was 85, 44 and 39%, respectively. The N mineralization of the trash was not significant (18%) thus resulting in a negligible statistical difference among the N contents in original and remaining trash

/pdf/decomposicao-e-liberacao-de-nutrientes-da-palhada-de-cana-de-3c1laetddp.pdf

Decomposição e liberação de nutrientes da palhada de cana-de-açúcar em campo

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a utilizacao do nitrogenio da ureia e a influencia da palhada na produtividade de soqueira de cana-de-acucar. O experimento foi instalado no campo, num solo Podzolico Vermelho-Amarelo no Municipio de Piracicaba, SP, com dois tratamentos: mistura de vinhaca e ureia aplicada em toda a area sobre o solo coberto com palhada; ureia enterrada em sulcos nos dois lados das linhas da cana-de-acucar, com previa aplicacao de vinhaca sobre o solo sem palhada. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes. Foram realizadas comparacoes de produtividade da cultura, do acumulo de N pela parte aerea, da utilizacao do N da ureia pela cultura ao final do ciclo. O desenvolvimento vegetal foi representado por curvas de acumulo de massa de material seco e pelos indices fisiologicos de taxa de producao de materia seca e taxa de crescimento relativo, que foram semelhantes nas condicoes, com ou sem a presenca da palhada de cana-de-acucar. Do N total acumulado na parte aerea da soqueira de cana-de-acucar, 10 a 16% foram absorvidos do fertilizante. A eficiencia de utilizacao do N da ureia pela soqueira de cana foi em media de 17%, e nao houve diferencas entre os tratamentos.

/pdf/crescimento-e-acumulo-de-nitrogenio-em-cana-de-acucar-3rh36g4uba.pdf

Crescimento e acúmulo de nitrogênio em cana-de-açúcar cultivada em solo coberto com palhada

Sugarcane crop residues ('trash') have the potential to supply nitrogen (N) to crops when they are retained on the soil surface after harvest. Farmers should account for the contribution of this N to crop requirements in order to avoid over-fertilisation. In very wet tropical locations, the climate may increase the rate of trash decomposition as well as the amount of N lost from the soil-plant system due to leaching or denitrification. A field experiment was conducted on Hydrosol and Ferrosol soils in the wet tropics of northern Australia using N-15-labelled trash either applied to the soil surface or incorporated. Labelled urea fertiliser was also applied with unlabelled surface trash. The objective of the experiment was to investigate the contribution of trash to crop N nutrition in wet tropical climates, the timing of N mineralisation from trash, and the retention of trash N in contrasting soils. Less than 6% of the N in trash was recovered in the first crop and the recovery was not affected by trash incorporation. Around 6% of the N in fertiliser was also recovered in the first crop, which was less than previously measured in temperate areas (20-40%). Leaf samples taken at the end of the second crop contined 2-3% of N from trash and fertilizer applied at the beginning of the experiment. Although most N was recovered in the 0-1.5 m soil layer there was some evidence of movement of N below this depth. The results showed that trash supplies N slowly and in small amounts to the succeeding crop in wet tropics sugarcane growing areas regardless of trash placement (on the soil surface or incorporated) or soil type, and so N mineralisation from a single trash blanket is not important for sugarcane production in the wet tropics.

The availability of nitrogen from sugarcane trashon contrasting soils in the wet tropics of North Queensland

The significance of trash containing 0.3 to 0.5% N in the N nutrition of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid sp.) was investigated in pot- and field experiments using15N-labelled trash. The data obtained from the pot study with 2 silty-clay loams (a Humic Nitosol and a Humic Acrisol) showed that surface-applied trash (10 tonnes/ha), although ground to pass a 1-mm sieve, contributed less than 10% of N removed by sugarcane. Uptake of trash N was most active during the initial 6 months of the experiment though at the end of the study period of 18 months less than 15% of trash N was altogether recovered by sugarcane.

Value of cane trash in nitrogen nutrition of sugarcane

We studied the influence of the biological immobilization rate on the mobility and fate of fertilizer N under the humid climate of Mauritius in soil columns using (NH4)2SO4 labeled with 10% atom excess 15N and sorghum as the test plant. Our results showed that biological immobilization of fertilizer

Biological immobilization of fertilizer nitrogen in humid tropical soils of Mauritius

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Value of cane trash in nitrogen nutrition of sugarcane

Biological immobilization of fertilizer nitrogen in humid tropical soils of Mauritius