In order to realize power flow control among photovoltaic (PV) panel port, battery port, and load port in the distributed photovoltaic power generation system, integrated three-port dc–dc converters (TPCs) are widely adopted. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive, comparative, and insightful analysis and overview of these TPCs. First, based on the power transmission and control requirements of the system, five topological structures of three-port dc–dc conversion system (TPCS) composed of two or three two-port dc–dc converters are presented. And the five structures are comparatively analyzed. Second, based on these topological structures, and combing with the basic two-port dc–dc converters, three groups of typical TPCs with different galvanic isolation requirements are derived, respectively, by sharing switches, combining branches, etc., And comprehensive analysis, comparisons, and reviews of these TPCs with different structures of each isolation type are presented with tables and figures. Finally, the comparison results of the three isolation groups are summarized, which leads to a guidance for the selection of TPCs in different applications, and then some suggestions for the future research on TPCs are given.

Topology Analysis and Review of Three-Port DC–DC Converters

The solar PV based power generation systems are growing faster due to the depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concerns Combining PV panels and energy buffers such as battery through multi-port converter is one of the viable solutions to deal with the intermittency of PV power The goal of this paper is to design and analyze the proposed triple port DC-DC buck-boost converter for high step-up/step-down applications It has two unidirectional ports (port-1 and port-3) and one bi-directional port (port-2) for harnessing photovoltaic energy and charging the battery At port-1, the combined structure of buck and buck-boost converter is used with a particular arrangement of switches and inductors The step-up/step-down voltage conversion ratio is higher than the conventional buck-boost converter, and the polarity of the output voltage is maintained positive The battery is added at the bi-directional port, for the storage of energy through the bi-directional boost converter The switches operate synchronously for most of the modes making the control strategy simple The characteristics and modes of operation along with a switching strategy, are elaborated Experimental results are presented which validate the agreement with the developed theoretical expectation

/pdf/non-isolated-high-gain-triple-port-dc-dc-buck-boost-518e15sph5.pdf

Non-Isolated High-Gain Triple Port DC–DC Buck-Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage for Photovoltaic Applications

In this paper, recent advances in multi-input converters are studied. In the past, some DC/DC converters used to be connected parallel to each other and thus multi-input converters were created. But today, some new structures have been proposed for this purpose. The main reason behind employing these converters is using less semiconductors, occupying less volume, thus reduction in manufacturing cost of the converters. In this article, multiple input converters are categorized into three groups: magnetic, electrical and electro-magnetic types. The first group includes topologies that have multi-winding transformer. The second group consists of topologies that have DC-link and sources connected to the DC-link and the latter includes topologies that have DC-link and two-winding transformer. In this paper, the topologies of various multi-input DC/DC converters will be reviewed and compared from different aspect such as, the battery life, the soft-switching, the source utilization, the isolation between the input and the output. The main reason for composing this paper is the collection of information about DC/DC multi-input converters. This review paper is the first of its kind with the aim of providing an information source and a selection guide on multi-input DC/DC converters for researchers, designers and application engineers.

Multi-input DC/DC converters in connection with distributed generation units – A review

Grid integration of a PV system supporting an EV charging station using Salp Swarm Optimization

The effect of pollution on the planet earth and the rapid use of fossil fuels provides a strong impulse for the growth and evolution of electric vehicles (EVs). The advancements in Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) proving the best quick fix towards the severity of the problem on the planet. HEVs not only reduce the emissions but also decreases the fuel cost for the consumer with their improved driving range and dynamic characteristics satisfying environmental regulations. For the extension of the driving range in EVs, multiple energy sources like ultra-capacitor, fuel cells, solar PV are to be interfaced with a battery. This in turn reduces the charging time, which is a significant drawback of EVs. To handle the multiple sources with distinct V–I characteristics, an efficient power electronic circuitry is needed, which can able to provide an efficient power transfer capability between sources and load for the vehicle propulsion. In handling the energy from multiple sources stabilizing at DC bus, the DC-DC converter plays a crucial role. Due to this, in the recent past, the transformation of DC-DC converters from a single input to a multi-input (MIC) has been noticed. The several combinations of integrating sources let on to the new topologies and even more complicated with the configurations. The topology selection imposes more challenges in choosing the best fit for the specific applications. This paper produces a detailed review of the types of EVs, their architectures, merits and demerits. MIC topologies used in EVs with a detailed comparison. A comprehensive study on design rules of MICs, structures and selection procedures of MICs for various applications in detail. This study categorizes MICs based on their characteristics. The significant findings, merits and demerits are also discussed in detail with their suitability.

Selection parameters and synthesis of multi-input converters for electric vehicles: An overview

In photovoltaic (PV) applications, power electronic converters play a vital role in transferring power from source to load. In general, operating voltages of PV arrays are low. To interface them with high voltage DC bus, a high voltage conversion system is needed which is provided by high gain topologies. Moreover, to increase the power density, efficiency of conversion and decrease cost, recent developments involve use of multiport converters which are in general multi-input converters capable of interfacing different renewable sources to a single structure. However many topologies reported in the literature achieve only nominal voltage gain between source and output. In this paper, a new topology is proposed by combining the advantages of both high gain and multi-input converters. The proposed topology has two input ports (i) A bidirectional port for energy storage device (ii) A unidirectional port for PV source. Coupled inductor technique is used to obtain high voltage gain. The topology along with theoretical analysis is presented to explain the principle of operation. This analysis is then compared with simulation results from MATLAB-Simulink to validate operating principle of the proposed topology.

A three port high gain non-isolated DC-DC converter for photovoltaic applications

Integration of renewables while preserving power quality (PQ) despite the utility disturbances, distorted load current and volatile nature of renewable sources can be accomplished with the help of advanced power electronic converters and complex control algorithms. In this paper, a new Adaptable Voltage Source Inverter (AVSI) is proposed to integrate Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to a single-phase of utility. The AVSI is adaptable in the sense that it has the capability to be in shunt current injection mode (CIM) or in series voltage injection mode (VIM) where the inverter appears either in shunt or series respectively. In CIM, which is usual mode of AVSI, it can transfer power form DERs to utility and it also has the capabilities of a shunt active current filter. At the event of a voltage interruption, such as sag, swell, flickers etc., AVSI goes to series voltage injection mode and injects voltage across a newly proposed structure called Series Voltage Injector (SVI). The AVSI stays in VIM only for the duration of the voltage interruption and returns to CIM. A dual band strategy instead of a single band is also proposed to prevent unnecessary mode transfers that could occur if a single band were used. The control strategies used and the simulation results supporting the proposed functionalities of the AVSI are presented.

Adaptable voltage source inverter for grid integration of renewables with enhanced power quality capabilities

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A three port high gain non-isolated DC-DC converter for photovoltaic applications

Adaptable voltage source inverter for grid integration of renewables with enhanced power quality capabilities