The aim of this study was to determine the levels of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) in (1) fresh tea leaves, (2) processed (black) tea leaves and (3) soils from tea plantations originating from Bangladesh. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) was used to evaluate six digestion methods, (1) nitric acid, (2) nitric acid overnight, (3) nitric acid–hydrogen peroxide, (4) nitric–perchloric acid, (5) sulfuric acid, and (6) dry ashing, to determine the most suitable digestion method for the determination of heavy metals in the samples. The concentration ranges of Cd, Pb, As and Se in fresh tea leaves were from 0.03–0.13, 0.19–2.06 and 0.47–1.31 µg/g, respectively while processed tea contained heavy metals at different concentrations: Cd (0.04–0.16 µg/g), Cr (0.45–10.73 µg/g), Pb (0.07–1.03 µg/g), As (0.89–1.90 µg/g) and Se (0.21–10.79 µg/g). Moreover, the soil samples of tea plantations also showed a wide range of concentrations: Cd (0.11–0.45 µg/g), Pb (2.80–66.54 µg/g), As (0.78–4.49 µg/g), and Se content (0.03–0.99 µg/g). Method no. 2 provided sufficient time to digest the tea matrix and was the most efficient method for recovering Cd, Cr, Pb, As and Se. Methods 1 and 3 were also acceptable and can be relatively inexpensive, easy and fast. The heavy metal transfer factors in the investigated soil/tea samples decreased as follows: Cd > As > Se > Pb. Overall, the present study gives current insights into the heavy metal levels both in soils and teas commonly consumed in Bangladesh.

/pdf/determination-of-heavy-metals-in-the-soils-of-tea-cpfskfwif9.pdf

Determination of heavy metals in the soils of tea plantations and in fresh and processed tea leaves: an evaluation of six digestion methods

Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a perennial acidophilic crop, and known to be a nonalcoholic stimulating beverage that is most widely consumed after water. The aim of this review paper is to provide a detailed documentation of selected micronutrient contents, viz. boron (B), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), and zinc (Zn) in made tea and tea infusion. Available data from the literature were used to calculate human health aspect associated with the consumption of tea infusion. A wide range of micronutrients reported in both made tea and tea infusion could be the major sources of micronutrients for human. The content of B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn in made tea are ranged from 3.04 to 58.44 μg g−1, below detectable limit (BDL) to 122.4 μg g−1, BDL to 602 μg g−1, 0.275 to 13,040 μg g−1, 0.004 to 15,866 μg g−1, 0.04 to 570.80 μg g−1 and 0.01 to 1120 μg g−1, respectively. Only 3.2 μg L−1 to 7.25 mg L−1, 0.01 μg L−1 to 7 mg L−1, 3.80 μg L−1 to 6.13 mg L−1, 135.59 μg L−1...

Micronutrients (B, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn) content in made tea (Camellia sinensis L.) and tea infusion with health prospect: A critical review.

Evaluation of trace metal and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in tea brands of different origin commercialized in Italy.

Concentrations of selected metals (Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd) in tea leaves were investigated. Samples included black, green, and other (red, white, yellow, and oolong) teas. They were purchased on a local market but they covered different countries of origin. Beverages like yerba mate, rooibos, and fruit teas were also included in the discussion. Metal determinations were performed using atomic absorption spectrometry. In black teas, Mn/Cd ratio was found to be significantly higher (48,091 ± 35,436) vs. green (21,319 ± 16,396) or other teas (15,692 ± 8393), while Cd concentration was lower (31.4 ± 18.3 μg/kg) vs. other teas 67.0 (67.0 ± 24.4). Moreover, Zn/Cu and Cu/Cd ratios were, respectively, lower (1.1 ± 0.2 vs. 2.2 ± 0.5) and higher (1086 ± 978 vs. 261 ± 128) when comparing black teas with other teas. Intake of each metal from drinking tea was estimated based on the extraction levels reported by other authors. Contributions to recommended daily intake for Cu, Mn, and Zn were estimated based on the recommendations of international authorities. Except for manganese, tea is not a major dietary source of the studied elements. From the total number of 27 samples, three have shown exceeded cadmium level, according to local regulations.

/pdf/copper-manganese-zinc-and-cadmium-in-tea-leaves-of-different-33akg6khk3.pdf

Copper, Manganese, Zinc, and Cadmium in Tea Leaves of Different Types and Origin

Objective To determine the minerals, Iron (Fe), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Manganese (Mn) and trace elements, Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) in two tropical medicinal plants (Syzygium caryophyllatum and Syzygium densiflorum). Methods All the elements were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results The average concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd detected in leaves of Syzygium caryophyllatum and Syzygium densiflorum were 99.275±0.022, 17.302±0.010, 45.498±0.072, 47.344±0.021, 7.634±0.050, 0.253±0.003 and 93.829±0.015, 17.412±0.064, 64.866±0.058, 31.777±0.051, 6.768±0.010 and 0.343±0.004, respectively. Conclusions The mineral contents in the medicinal plants are at different levels. Therefore, these medicinal plants are rich in some essential elements and very least amount in trace elements, especially Fe and Mn which are essential for human health.

Determination of some minerals and trace elements in two tropical medicinal plants

Tea is one of the common drinks in India. The essential and non essential elements present in black and green teas vary with respect to soil and geographical origin. Hence the aim of the study is to measure some heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Mn) in black and green tea which are commonly consumed in South India. Heavy metal contents were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The results of analysis showed that the mean level of metals were 14.34 ± 0.49 mg/kg, Ni 11.34 ± 0.63 mg/kg, Pb 2.31 ± 0.13 mg/kg, Cd 0.89 ±0.10 mg/kg, Zn 25.39 ± 0.59 mg/kg, Mn 709.0 ± 14.18 mg/kg and Cr 704.0 ± 14.18 mg/kg for black tea and Cu 11.28 ± 0.08 mg/kg, Ni 9.09 ± 0.75 mg/kg, Cd 1.59 ± 0.26 mg/kg, Zn 26.39 ± 0.92 mg/kg and Mn 508.0 ± 44.03 mg/kg for green tea. Pb and Cr content in green tea were lower the quantification limit.

Determination of lead, manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel and chromium in tea leaves

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Determination of lead, manganese, copper, zinc, cadmium, nickel and chromium in tea leaves