Problem statement: The study offers theoretical formulations for high-viscosity particulate flows in inclined reservoirs, taking into account the presence of homogeneous spheroidal particles of various types to produce discrete two-phase suspensions. Purpose: The primary objective of this analytical and comparative study is to identify the most dependable nanoparticles among hafnium and crystal metals that are suspended in an Eyring–Powell fluid through an inclined channel while being subjected to external magnetic and gravitational forces. Solution methodology: The flow dynamics of multiphase flows are formulated utilizing the stress tensor of the base fluid. The regular perturbation method (RPM) is employed to attain a more closed-form solution. The perturbation method is frequently employed in engineering problems to obtain an approximated solution, even when demonstrating the convergence of the solution is challenging. The rough solution is also validated through a thorough parametric analysis that shows the role of relevant parameters that contribute to the multiphase flow. Results: A concise parametric study is carried out against some of the most pertinent parameters and reveals that additional particles have promising effects on the momentum of each multiphase flow, whereas Eyring–Powell multiphase suspensions lessen in momentum due to strong internal viscous forces. The velocity of fluid and particle phases diminish with Hartmann number M and Froude number Fr. The second-order material constant B and concentration of nanoparticles C boost the motion of the fluid. The velocities of the particulate phase are quicker than the fluid phase. The hafnium particle is more reliable than crystal particles. Solution benchmark: Numerical and graphical findings have also been compared with the existing literature for the limiting case and found to be fully in agreement. Applications: This study’s findings provide a wider understanding of subterranean flows, specifically within the petroleum sector, with a focus on multiphase flows. Originality: The current study represents the authors’ original work and has not been previously submitted or published elsewhere.

Tracking Multiphase Flows through Steep Reservoirs with External Constraint

Numerical Comparison of Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Chemically Reactive Bio-convection Flow of Casson-Carreau Nano-liquid with Gyro-tactic Microorganisms: Lie Group Theoretic Approach

The current work introduces a novel approach to analyse the non-linear Falkner–Skan equation from fluid dynamics by utilising the Legendre wavelet method. In this paper, we relied on the Legendre wavelet to generate a new functional integration matrix and presented a novel approach known as the Legendre wavelet approach (LWA). The primary goal of this study is to provide a unified method via LWA to compute an approximate solution to a non-linear differential equation for a viscous fluid over a stretching sheet. The Legendre wavelet method has been used for the first time to solve the stretching sheet problem. A viscous fluid across a stretching sheet has been explored for its stable laminar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow, transportation of mass and heat characteristics in the context of an intermittent magnetic field. By specifying appropriate non-dimensional parameters, the governing boundary layer equation evolves into a dimension devoid of the Falkner–Skan equation. Using the Legendre wavelet approach, the resulting nonlinear equation modified to an algebraic equation is addressed. With LWA, the undershoots and overshoots for a set of factors are noted. The boundary layer thickness appears to decrease with increasing pressure gradient and magnetic field parameters. The graphical interpretation of the boundary layer flow's features is done for a range of physical parameter values. To ensure the accuracy of the findings, local skin friction has been tracked and contrasted with other techniques that are already documented in the previous research. 

Analysis of MHD boundary layer flow of a viscous fluid past a stretching sheet employing the Legendre wavelet method

Effective properties of binary chemical reaction with Brownian and thermophoresis on the radiative flow of nanofluid within an inclined heated channel

Abstract This study investigates unsteady velocity $${U}_{w}=\xi x/t$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> <mml:mi>w</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for a Williamson nanofluid film flowing over a moving surface. This work can be used to outline the effects of an applied angled magnetic-field on liquid film flow, which occurs in numerous real-world solicitations such as coating industries for wire or sheet, labs, painting, and several others. Analyzing williamson nanoliquid film flow over a stretching sheet is the main aim of this investigation. The leading Navier–Stokes models are reduced to third-order nonlinear ODE through similarity transformations that are then undertaken using the Hermite wavelet method (HWM). Both 2-dimensional and axisymmetric film flow circumstances have been analyzed. The moving surface parameter $$\xi$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> </mml:math> is said to have a limited range for which the solution exists. Specifically, $$\xi \le -1/4$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for axisymmetric flow and $$\xi \ge -1/2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for two-dimensional flow. Before decreasing to the boundary condition, the velocity climbs until it reaches its maximum. By taking into account the stretching ( $$\xi &gt;0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and shrinking ( $$\xi &lt;0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) wall conditions, streamlines are also examined for axisymmetric and 2-dimensional flow patterns. 

Time-varying stretching velocity analysis for an unsteady flow of Williamson fluid by Hermite wavelet

The current work provides a theoretical investigation of permeability effects on channel walls. The entropy generation in an incompressible Casson fluid flowing through an inclined penetrable channel which is under the magnetic action is numerically investigated by transforming the governing equations into a system of ODEs using non-dimensional parameters. The Hermite wavelet method is used to solve the achieved nonlinear coupled equations. Velocity, temperature, and entropy generation profiles are analyzed graphically and in addition, graphs are employed to assess the Bejan number, Nusselt number, and skin friction coefficient for a scale of various values of physical parameters. The results are evident that for increasing the Biot number, Grashof number, and Casson parameter entropy generation increases. The entropy production is suppressed when the Eckert number is enhanced. The dual nature of entropy generation is observed due to varying magnetic values. Our findings obtained from the present method are compared with other results available in the literature and is found that it is in good correlation with the existing one. 

Entropy generation on an MHD Casson fluid flow in an inclined channel with a permeable walls through Hermite wavelet method

Objective: Andrographis paniculata was an ancient medicinal herb recorded in Ayurvedic system of medicine from long times. The present study is to determine the bioactive phytocomponents present in Andrographis paniculata seed, extraction done using ethanol and Human Liver Cancer (HepG2) cells are used to prove the anticancer activity.
Methods: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis is used for determining the bioactive constituents of the Andrographis paniculata seed. To prove the in vitro anticancer activity, the MTT assay was done on Human Liver Cancer (HepG2) cells.
Results: GCMS analysis of Andrographis paniculata seed extract result determined the presence of 15 active bio components. These various potent bioactive compounds have been proved to possess various pharmacological activities, viz., antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, which were supported by previous findings. The natural compounds with therapeutic effects on traditional medicine have paved the way for evaluating the Andrographis paniculata seeds for cytotoxic activity on HepG2 cell lines. The ethanol extract of Andrographis paniculata seeds was used on HepG2 to evaluate the cytotoxicity; Cisplatin (15 µg/ml) is used as standard with various concentration like 200, 100, 50 and 25 µg/ml were used. The bioactive compounds present in Andrographis paniculata seed extract revealed significant cytotoxicity activity against HepG2 cells with IC50 value of 103.03µg/ml.
Conclusion: The cytotoxic effect was found to be concentration-dependent and increased concentration of Andrographis paniculata seed extract showed increased cytotoxicity. The result suggest Andrographis paniculata seed extract have bioactive agents which when treated on hepatocellular carcinoma cells poses excellent anticancer activity.

Gcms analysis on andrographis paniculata seed extract and its anticancer activity

COVID 19 Pandemic in India had demanded an imposition of lockdown for three weeks initially and was extended further. This has drastic effect on air quality making it better because of control of vehicle emissions. This study analyzed the air quality in Chennai city using the parameters of pollution (NH 3, PM 2.5 , NO 2 , SO 2 , O 3 and CO) for air quality data for monitoring stations (three) spread over the city. National Air Quality Index (NAQI) has been used to present the quality of air spatially during lockdown and before lockdown. The concentrations of PM 2.5 among the pollutants selected showed a maximum reduction (-61%) compared to the pre-lockdown process. NO 2 (−40%) and CO (−32%) have also gone down when lockdown was in place, among other contaminants. In the different sections of the city, about 53% reduction in NAQI has been observed. Deep learning short-term predictions of various air pollutants are made in this study. The correlation between AQI and Pollutants (NH 3, PM 2.5 , NO 2 , SO 2 , O 3 and CO) in the study area modelled in deep learning using PYTHON. The classification of AQI class has been created in python with AQI values of Good (0-50), Satisfactory (51-100), Moderate (101-200), Poor (201-300), Very poor (301-400) and severe (>401). The study shows the level of co-relation of PM 2.5 being the highest. A linear regression model was performed and metrics such mean absolute error, r 2 to check the model performance for training and testing data are calculated. These results can be coupled with social, economic and Cultural factors that could have common emission patterns and air quality especially in metropolitan cities. The present study would aid authorities as it clearly shows that the quality can be made better if sources of emission can be diminished. This will pave way to protect and make the surroundings and environment better.

/pdf/repercussions-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-on-the-air-quality-of-i72ulbz5.pdf

Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic
on the Air Quality of Chennai, India

Screening of phytochemicals is a precious stair in the detection of bioactive principles present in medicinal plants and may lead to novel drug discovery). In present study aimed to investigate the preliminary phytochemical screening, fluorescence, and spectroscopic characterization in Annona muricata bark. The qualitative analysis of aqueous, hexane, ethanol, hydro-ethanolic and methanol extracts of Annona muricata bark were investigated. Among the various extracts, the hydro-ethanolic extract of Annona muricata bark contains a higher concentration of phytochemicals than other extracts and is used for subsequent studies. Quantitative analysis revealed that the Annona muricata bark has contain significant amount of phenol, flavonoids, saponin, tannin and alkaloids were present. Histochemical analysis further confirmed the presence of phytochemicals in Annona muricata bark. UV-VIS spectral analysis we can confirm that the presence of tannins and flavonoids. FTIR analysis had confirmed the presence of alcohol, phenol, aromatic, carboxylic acid, and aliphatic amines.  Results of the study concluded that rich source of phytochemicals in Annona muricata bark is responsible for their therapeutic effects. So, it is recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance and further studies are needed with these plants to evaluate their pharmacological potentials of the bioactive compounds responsible for their bio-activities and other medicinal values.

Phytochemical Screening and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites of Annona Muricata Bark

Forecast of Dengue Outbreak Based on Climatic Conditions

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Papers

Entropy generation on an MHD Casson fluid flow in an inclined channel with a permeable walls through Hermite wavelet method

Gcms analysis on andrographis paniculata seed extract and its anticancer activity

Repercussions of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Air Quality of Chennai, India

Phytochemical Screening and Profiling of Secondary Metabolites of Annona Muricata Bark

Forecast of Dengue Outbreak Based on Climatic Conditions