A novel ultra-high tunable photonic crystal fiber (PCF) polarization filter is proposed and analyzed using finite element method. The suggested design has a central hole infiltrated with a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) that offers high tunability with temperature and external electric field. Moreover, the PCF is selectively filled with metal wires into cladding air holes. Results show that the resonance losses and wavelengths are different in x and y polarized directions depending on the rotation angle φ of the NLC. The reported filter of compact device length 0.5 mm can achieve 600 dB / cm resonance losses at φ = 90° for x-polarized mode at communication wavelength of 1300 mm with low losses of 0.00751 dB / cm for y-polarized mode. However, resonance losses of 157.71 dB / cm at φ = 0° can be achieved for y-polarized mode at the same wavelength with low losses of 0.092 dB / cm for x-polarized mode.

Ultra-high tunable liquid crystal-plasmonic photonic crystal fiber polarization filter.

A novel application is reported of long-period fibre gratings produced in non-high-birefringence fibre as fibre optic load sensors based on the measurement of the transverse strain induced birefringence. A transverse strain sensitivity some 800 times higher than that previously reported for fibre Bragg gratings has been achieved.

Fibre optic load sensors with high transverse strain sensitivity based on long-period gratings in B/Ge co-doped fibre

Widely used descriptions and relationships for birefringence and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), developed primarily for ultraviolet-induced long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written in optical fiber, can be invalid for other types of LPFG. The understanding of PDL is expanded to include LPFGs with birefringence in the core only, in the cladding only, and in both the core and the cladding. Equations that link resonant wavelength separation, one factor that determines PDL, and birefringence for the three categories are presented, along with relevant approximations. Measurement results for two LPFGs fabricated by different techniques are presented that illustrate the effect of birefringence on PDL.

Polarization-dependent loss and birefringence in long-period fiber gratings

In this paper we introduce a new mathematical model, which can be used to investigate the response of a long-period fibre grating to changes in ambient refractive indices of values both greater and less than that of the cladding. A numerical method to calculate the HE core and cladding modes is presented. The results show that even when the ambient refractive index is higher than that of the cladding, the coupling (resonance) wavelengths experience a measurable shift (a few nm). The result obtained suggests that LPGs coated with a material of higher refractive index than the cladding may be used as index sensors.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-0233/12/10/314/pdf

Modelling of long-period fibre grating response to refractive index higher than that of cladding

We report the design and fabrication of long-period fiber gratings with single and cascaded structures in conventional and high birefringence (hi-bi) fibers using amplitude mask and point-by-point writing techniques. We also report a novel application of long-period gratings produced in nonhigh-birefringence fiber as fiber-optic load sensors exhibiting very high transverse strain sensitivity. Sensitivity some 800 times greater than previously reported fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors has been achieved.

Design and realization of long-period grating devices in conventional and high birefringence fibers and their novel applications as fiber-optic load sensors

We have demonstrated the feasibility of achieving high-performance fiber polarizers (insertion loss 30 dB), based on polarization mode dispersion in a long-period grating. Chirped operation with 100-nm bandwidth has also been achieved, showing the possibility of a broad-band device.

/pdf/high-performance-optical-fiber-polarizers-based-on-long-4kpyvckj3h.pdf

High-performance optical fiber polarizers based on long-period gratings in birefringent optical fibers

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High-performance optical fiber polarizers based on long-period gratings in birefringent optical fibers