Nano-technology is an emerging technology with tremendous potential and diverse applications in human health, agriculture, and animal nutrition. It also offers potential advantages in supporting research in many areas of life sciences. Nano-technology has many vital biological applications as living systems depend on many nano-scale objects like proteins, DNA, and enzymes. Trace minerals are normally used in very minute quantity in animal nutrition but issues like lower bioavailability, antagonism, and higher excretion rates from body limit their efficiency. Nano-technology offers opportunity to mediate these issues as nano-particles possess different physical and chemical properties than other forms of minerals. Nano-particles possess higher physical activity and chemical neutrality. Bioavailability can be enhanced by increasing the surface area of respective minerals by making their nano-particles. Owing to potential advantages of nano-particles, interest in exploring their potential use and efficacy in animal production has increased significantly in this decade. Although limited literature is available regarding potential effects of nano-particles in poultry nutrition, still some convincing evidences have suggested the feeding of trace minerals (zinc, copper, silver, selenium, iron, chromium, and manganese) in the diets of broilers, layers, turkeys, quails, etc. Excellent antimicrobial activities of nano-particles of Ag, Cu, and Zn, against key poultry pathogens like Salmonella and Campylobacter, indicate their potential for effective use in poultry production. Recent studies have also demonstrated modulation of gut health by nano-particle through increasing abundance of beneficial microbes (Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium) and production of short-chain fatty acids. This review aims to provide insights on absorption, metabolism, and distribution of nano-minerals in the body. Moreover, potential applications and various aspects of using nano-trace minerals in different poultry species with potential effects on performance and health of birds are discussed.

Nano-particles of Trace Minerals in Poultry Nutrition: Potential Applications and Future Prospects

/pdf/the-nutritional-biochemistry-of-chromium-iii-505kt3ghxy.pdf

The nutritional biochemistry of chromium (III)

In recent years, there has been a steadily growing demand for animal protein. Consumer awareness is also growing every year, which is why breeders are obliged to provide animals with the best possible environmental conditions that will determine the productivity of animals and the quality of raw materials obtained from them. Today's consumer is looking for not only the highest quality food but also the one that will characterize health-promoting properties. Therefore, food is sought, which will be characterized by a favorable profile of fatty acids and a high content of biologically active ingredients, such as vitamins or minerals. One of the most effective methods of enriching food with these ingredients is their supplementation in feed. However, it should be remembered that the form in which such a component will be delivered is very important. High hopes are associated with the possibility of using organic forms of macro- and micronutrients, which are sometimes better absorbed than inorganic salts. The aim of the work was to collect and systematize knowledge related to the possibility of enriching food of animal origin with micronutrients using additional feed containing these ingredients in organic form.

/pdf/feed-additives-produced-on-the-basis-of-organic-forms-of-2p7gxfacia.pdf

Feed Additives Produced on the Basis of Organic Forms of Micronutrients as a Means of Biofortification of Food of Animal Origin

Objective Determinate the existence of a heat stress in broilers and evaluate the effectiveness of the supplementation with an organic Cr product for decreasing or heat stress in broilers Materials and Methods The existence of heat stress was determined by measuring temperature and relative humidity during the experiment These indicators were daily registered, every 1 hour, with the use of digital thermo-hygrometers An amount of 45 male Ross 308 broilers was used, from 1 day of age, belonging to a productive performance experiment with 300 animals They were distributed in three treatments (control, 200 and 400 ppbCr/kg of diet) according to a completely randomized design, with 4 repetitions of 25 animals each At the end of this productive cycle, cortisol concentration in blood serum was determined in 15 animals per treatment, as an indicator of stress Every animal constituted an experimental unit For the analysis of results, INFOSTAT statistical package was used Results Temperature-humidity index values during the last 32 days of the experiment ranged between 11253 and 11526 Mean values of cortisol concentration were 945, 891 and 766 nmol/L, for the three evaluated treatments respectively This decrease was not statistically significant Conclusions The organic Cr product was effective for decreasing heat stress by reducing cortisol concentration, although not significant, in blood serum of broilers The existence of stress generated by heat during the experiment was confirmed

/pdf/atenuacion-del-estres-calorico-en-pollos-con-la-1r6zv29dp6.pdf

Atenuación del estrés calórico en pollos con la suplementación de un producto de cromo orgánico

| The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a novel organic chromium product on metabolic and physiological indicators of broilers. Using a completely randomized design, 45 male Ross 308 broilers (1-day old) were divided into 3 treatments (15 repetitions each), in which every animal constituted an experimental unit. One group was fed on basal diet and served as control (T1), while other two groups were supplemented Cr at the rate of 200 ppb/kg diet (T2) and 400 ppb/kg diet (T3) respectively. Metabolic indicators such as glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and cortisol concentrations in blood serum were analyzed. Relative weights of liver and pancreas, as well as lymphoid organs (thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen), were also analyzed and compared. In addition, the abdominal fat percentage in broilers was considered. Concentrations of metabolic analytes viz., glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides were decreased (p<0.05) in all Cr treated groups (T2 and T3) as compared to control. Whereas, there was an increase (p<0.05) in the relative weight of all studied organs (viz., liver, spleen, thymus, bursa and spleen), and a decrease (p<0.05) in abdominal fat in Cr supplemented broilers as compared to broilers of control group. Results confirmed that supplementation of this organic Cr product had a positive effect on the health of broilers.

/pdf/effects-of-supplementation-with-a-novel-organic-chromium-c6azrpvxwb.pdf

Effects of Supplementation with a Novel Organic Chromium Product on Metabolic and Physiological Indicators of Broilers

Performance of Dual Purpose Chicken Supplemented with Chromium Yeast and Nano Chromium

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Performance of Dual Purpose Chicken Supplemented with Chromium Yeast and Nano Chromium