This paper discusses ultrahigh-voltage (UHV) DC as an efficient solution for bulk power transmission especially of renewable energy. The European policy and legal framework is used to illustrate how this new technology, international electricity market integration, and the distribution of wind and solar natural resources lead to the need for continent-wide internationally coordinated network planning with a view on long-term greenhouse gas reduction. First, the technical and economic aspects of UHV transmission are described, including, e.g., converter configurations and internal and external insulation. Then, UHV transmission is put into the context of other broad current questions of power system development: AC and DC, microgrids, smart grids, power electronics, overhead lines, cables, and gas-insulated lines. The final part discusses the European legal framework for climate protection and for transmission system operator (TSO) cooperation in the new, legally mandated European transmission system operator association ENTSO-E, in particular for joint European grid planning and for R&D. This example shows how UHV technology development can contribute to market integration and economic and environmental goals for continent-wide and internationally coordinated transmission development as one option in international long-term system studies.

State of the Art in Ultrahigh-Voltage Transmission

The continuing development of HVDC power transmission systems presents many problems related to evaluation of the reliability of power system assets [1]-[5]. In this context the identification of insulation defects plays a key role in preventing unexpected failures of electrical components. Partial discharge (PD) measurement is a useful approach to assessing the condition of HV power apparatus and cables. Such measurements are also widely employed for HVAC systems. The inception mechanisms of PD in AC systems are well-known, and measurements are usually performed following the IEC 60270 standard [6]. PD measurements under DC voltage present complexities related to the nature of the phenomenon and the supply conditions [7]. In AC systems phase-resolved-partial-discharge (PRPD) patterns allow assessment of the insulation condition, and provide information on the types of defect present [8]. Such analysis cannot be performed under DC voltage, since each discharge event cannot be related to a phase value. The interpretation of the acquired data therefore requires a different approach.

/pdf/a-new-approach-to-partial-discharge-detection-under-dc-c7gw425xlu.pdf

A new approach to partial discharge detection under DC voltage

This paper has analyzed the reason for the flashover of a typical 800 kV converting transformer bushing. The finite element method is applied to calculate the electric field and potential distribution along HV bushing as well as optimize the design of grading rings for the 800 kV UHVDC bushing. The three-dimensional (3D) model of 800kV bushing with valve hall configuration is established using ANSYS software. According to the calculation of electric field and potential distribution along the bushing without any grading ring, the joint of flange and shed and sheath has higher field intensity, and the electric field is rather unevenly distributed. Afterwards, this paper presents a method of adding a grading ring to the flange side in order to reduce the field intensity around the surface of shed & sheath. This method also optimizes the location and the configuration parameters of the grading ring, with an aim to limit the maximal electric field intensity around the metal fitting and the grading ring and obtain the optimal design of grading ring. Finally, it is verified by the 3D model that the maximal field intensity around the surface of flange, shed and sheath, and the grading ring is controlled within acceptable range, and the optimized design can be applied to the ±800 kV UHVDC power station project to reduce the occurrence probability of flashover of UHVDC bushing.

Optimization design of grading ring and electrical field analysis of 800 kV UHVDC Wall wall bushing

This paper presents the current status of the 800 kV UHVDC technology and presents how experience and confidence gained at an 800 kV long term test station is being utilized in executing the 800 kV UHVDC long distance bulk power transmission Xiangjiaba - Shanghai.

The Xiangjiaba-Shanghai 800 kV UHVDC project, status and special aspects

The use of ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC), i.e. voltages above the highest in use, 600 kV, has been found to be economically attractive for power blocks up to 6400 MW for distances above 1000 km. Several utilities in China, India and Brazil are at present planning for the use of 800 kV as transmission voltage. In order to meet the demands, ABB has been running an R&D program with the goal to develop and test equipment needed for 800 kV HVDC. The R&D work has focused on equipment connected to the pole voltage, with special attention to converter transformers, bushings and external insulation. Due to the large amount of power transmitted by these transmission systems, special attention must be given to reliability and availability. Thus a thorough review of equipment, station layout, control and protection and auxiliary systems has been done.

Converter Stations for 800 kV HVDC

The use of ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC), i.e. voltages above the highest in use, 600 kV, has been found to be economically attractive for power blocks up to 6000 MW for distances above 1000 km, Furthermore the use of 800 kV as transmission voltage will be achievable within the near future with a limited amount of development work none of the AC equipment, auxiliary equipment or control and protection will be affected by the increase of DC voltage. Also most of the DC equipment is easily modified for 800 kV, such as thyristor valves and DC filter capacitors. However, equipment without resistive DC grading, like bushings and converter transformers, need additional R&D and verification. Also station external insulation and line insulation must be carefully considered. In order to meet the demands, ABB has started an R&D program with the goal to develop and test equipment needed for 800 kV HVDC

Power Transmission with HVDC at Voltages Above 600 kV

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Power Transmission with HVDC at Voltages Above 600 kV