A Cost- and Energy-Efficient Way of Meeting the Future Traffic Demands

This paper presents the results of analysis of co-channel interference in a high-density micro-cellular network using a novel architecture based on the concept of a "distributed base transceiver station (BTS)". The radio coverage is ensured by a set of mutually synchronised base stations, also called "relays", operating under the control of a concentrating entity. Implementation of a TDMA-based air interface using slow frequency hopping (SFH) is considered, Different system parameters are considered, including the number of relays (sites) in a cell, the distance between two adjacent sites, the antenna height above ground, etc. Feasibility of network implementation with separation as low as 100 meters between the relays is discussed. Also, the possibility of single-cell frequency reuse, based on generalised SFH and minimisation of co-channel interference through selective transmission, is demonstrated.

Interference analysis in an original TDMA-based high-density cellular radio network

In this paper, we study the problem of determining the optimal number of traffic and control channels in a packet based cellular system. We only consider systems where a given (total) number of available channels are divided into traffic and control channels. We first show how to compute the ratio of required traffic and control channels based on the parameters of the system. However, it may be difficult to determine the parameters for a practical system, particularly, when the traffic is non-stationary. We observe that the maximum utilization of channels can be achieved when we split the total number of channels such that a data transfer request that passes the availability test of one of them does not get rejected at the other. Based on this observation, we propose a dynamic algorithm for splitting the available channels among data and control channels. The algorithm does not require any system parameters and does not assume any traffic characterization. Irrespective of the number of mobile stations, it gives best-effort utilization of the available resources by dynamically distributing channels among traffic and control channels. We study the performance of the algorithm using a simulation model. We consider non-stationary traffic patterns based on 'time of day' behavior.

Determining traffic and control channels for a packet based cellular system having time-varying traffic

One of the key issues of the mobile communication systems is to serve a large number of mobile users in a highly dense traffic environment while maintaining an acceptable quality of service (QoS). The existing systems are unable to fulfil such traffic requirements with acceptable QoS. In this paper we present the architecture of a novel base station sub-system (BSS). The proposed BSS is based on a distributed architecture. This enables the use of very efficient radio resource management (RRM) techniques. The system is evaluated in terms of traffic and carrier to interference ratio (CIR) and proves to provide high traffic figures with required QoS. Consequently, the proposed architecture is a possible solution for very high traffic density outdoor/indoor environments.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/6142/16424/00759633.pdf

Performance of a novel base station sub-system in a high-density traffic environment

Low probability of blocking (Pb) at call set-up and very low probability of forced call termination (Pf), are important design criteria for micro and pico-cell networks deployed for very high traffic density areas like dense urban and indoors. In conventional cellular networks with fixed channel allocation (FCA), fine tuning of radio resource management (RRM) algorithms like channel selection (CS), channel change (CC) and handover (HO) is thus a difficult task. The difficulty is further increased because a higher number of handovers per call has to be handled. A new network architecture based on the concept of distributed radio coverage has been found to manage mobility and interference in high density traffic areas for TDMA systems like GSM/DCS, IS-54/IS-136. This paper focuses on RRM algorithms for such an approach whereby the coverage of a single cell is realised with synchronised relays using the same broadcast channel. The conventional HO is replaced by progressive channel activation on predicted best server relays. Five different strategies for channel selection/activation, ranging from channel activation on one best server antenna to simultaneous channel activation on all the antennas of a cell, have been evaluated. A mix of information of subscriber mobility and the existing traffic load on the cell is shown to have a determining influence on the channel selection/activation strategies offering maximum traffic throughput and minimum Pf.

Performance of a distributed coverage SFH-TDMA system with mobility management in a high density traffic network

In a conventional organization of TDMA based cellular networks, the offered traffic is limited by both interference and radio resource management (RRM) issues. To overcome that limitation in very dense capacity areas (hot-spots), an original base station sub-system (BSS) organization with distributed coverage is proposed. In such a system, the base transceiver station (BTS) functionality is split between a central point, the BTS concentrator (BTSC) and several radiating elements (relays). For each communication, a set of relays connected to the same BTSC is assigned for both, synchronous broadcast of the same signal on the downlink, and demodulation of messages transmitted by the mobile station (MS) on the uplink. An optimization of the spectrum efficiency is achieved if one provides radio coverage only where needed, namely, in the vicinity of the MS. This however requires the addition of new RRM algorithm in the BSS as well as means to track the MS trajectory during its communication. This paper focuses on this last issue and several procedures performing best server-relay selection based on uplink signal measurements in an urban Manhattan-like environment are analyzed.

Optimum channel selection strategies for mobility management in high traffic TDMA-based networks with distributed coverage

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Optimum channel selection strategies for mobility management in high traffic TDMA-based networks with distributed coverage