Fundamento y objetivo: La obesidad es una enfermedad cronica, compleja y multifactorial, que suele iniciarse en la infancia y la adolescencia, y en la actualidad es un importante y creciente problema de salud publica en dicho sector de la poblacion. La inexistencia de cifras de prevalencia de obesidad a escala nacional motivo que el Estudio enKid, disenado para evaluar los habitos alimentarios y el estado nutricional de la poblacion infantil y juvenil espanola (1998-2000), incluyera su valoracion. Sujetos y metodo: Estudio epidemiologico transversal sobre una muestra representativa de la poblacion espanola de 2 a 24 anos (n = 3.534). Se determinaron el peso y talla mediante procedimientos estandarizados con instrumentos homologados. La obesidad y el sobrepeso se definieron como valores del indice de masa corporal iguales o superiores a los valores de los percentiles 97 y 85, respectivamente, de las tablas de referencia espanolas de Hernandez et al de 1988. Resultados: La prevalencia de obesidad en Espana es del 13,9%, y la de sobrepeso y obesidad, del 26,3% (solo sobrepeso, 12,4%). La obesidad es mayor en varones (15,6%) que en mujeres (12%), y tambien el sobrepeso. Por edades, los jovenes de 6 a 13 anos presentan valores mas elevados de obesidad. Por zonas geograficas, Canarias y Andalucia tienen las cifras mas elevadas, y el nordeste peninsular las mas bajas. La obesidad es mayor en niveles socioeconomicos y de estudios mas bajos, y entre aquellas personas que no desayunan o desayunan mal. Conclusiones: Espana tiene, en relacion con otros paises, una prevalencia intermedia de obesidad. Las tendencias indican un incremento de la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil y juvenil en las ultimas decadas, mas marcado en varones y en edades prepuberales.

Obesidad infantil y juvenil en España. Resultados del Estudio enKid (1998-2000)

Comparison of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for assessment of percentage body fat in a large, healthy population

OBJECTIVE: To compare estimates of total and truncal fatness from eight-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis equipment (BIA(8)) with those from DXA in centrally obese women. The secondary aim ...

Bioelectrical Impedance Underestimates Total and Truncal Fatness in Abdominally Obese Women

Background Physical activity (PA) declines during adolescence but change in different PA intensities across population subgroups is rarely explored. We describe change in sedentary (SED) time, light (LPA), moderate (MPA) and vigorous PA (VPA) assessed at three time points over 4 years. Methods Accelerometer-assessed PA (min) was obtained at baseline (N=2064), 1 and 4 years later among British children (baseline mean±SD 10.2±0.3-year-old; 42.5% male). Change in SED ( Results SED increased by 10.6 (95% CI 9.1 to 12.2) min/day/year. MPA and VPA decreased by 1.4 (1.0 to 1.8) and 1.5 (1.1 to 1.8) min/day/year, respectively. VPA decreased more than MPA as a percentage of the baseline value. MVPA declined more steeply among boys (3.9 (3.0 to 4.8)) versus girls (2.0 (1.2 to 2.7) min/day/year) despite lower MVPA among girls at all ages; rural (4.4 (3.5 to 5.2)) versus urban individuals (1.3 (0.4 to 2.3) min/day/year) and on weekends (6.7 (5.2 to 8.1)) versus weekdays (2.8 (1.9 to 3.7) min/day/year). MVPA was consistently lower among overweight/obese individuals (−17.5 (−3.9 to −2.5) min/day/year). Conclusions PA decreases and is replaced by SED during early adolescence in British youth. Results indicate the urgency of PA promotion among all adolescents but especially girls and in rural areas. Increasing VPA and targeting PA promotion during weekends appear important.

https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/49/11/730.full.pdf

Change in objectively measured physical activity during the transition to adolescence.

Dynamic and static tests of balance and postural sway in boys: effects of previous wrist bone fractures and high adiposity.

OBJECTIVES: First, to determine obesity rates in Auckland school children according to their ethnic group using two different criteria: the body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Second to examine the relationship between BMI and body composition across ethnic groups to determine if BMI references from European children accurately reflect obesity in other ethnic groups. DESIGN: A total of 2273 Auckland school children, aged 5–10.9 y had their height, weight and bioelectrical impedance measured. Using these measurements, each child's BMI, fat free mass, fat mass and PBF were derived. RESULTS: In all 14.3% of children were obese using the recommended definition of obesity (BMI) greater than the 95th percentile). There was no clinically significant difference in the relationship between BMI and body composition in different ethnic groups. Obesity rates varied with ethnicity (P 30%), obesity rates were higher in all ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity rates are high in Auckland school children and there are clear differences in obesity rates in different ethnic groups. If BMI criteria are used to define obesity in our population, we recommend the same standards be used for children of all ethnicities.

Obesity in Auckland school children: a comparison of the body mass index and percentage body fat as the diagnostic criterion.

/pdf/how-much-fat-is-there-in-the-body-mass-index-bmi-cs8sip6nfm.pdf

How Much Fat Is There in the Body Mass Index (BMI)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometric indices as measures of body composition in children. DESIGN: Comparison of foot-to-foot BIA and anthropometry to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)-derived body composition in a multi-ethnic group of children. SUBJECTS: Eighty-two European, NZ Maori and Pacific Island children aged 4.9–10.9 y. MEASUREMENTS: DEXA body composition, foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance, height, weight, hip and waist measurements. RESULTS: Using a BIA prediction equation derived from our study population we found a high correlation between DEXA and BIA in the estimation of fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM) and percentage body fat (PBF) (r=0.98, 0.98 and 0.94, respectively). BIA-FFM underestimated DEXA-FFM by a mean of 0.75 kg, BIA-FM overestimated DEXA-FM by a mean of 1.02 kg and BIA-PBF overestimated DEXA-PBF by a mean of 2.53%. The correlation between six anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI), ponderal index, Chinn's weight-for-height index, BMI standard deviation score, weight-for-length index and Cole's weight-for-height index) and DEXA were also examined. The correlation of these indices with PBF was remarkably similar (r=0.85–0.87), more variable with FM (r=0.77–0.94) and poor with FFM (r=0.41–0.75). CONCLUSIONS: BIA correlated better than anthropometric indices in the estimation of FFM, FM and PBF. Foot-to-foot BIA is an accurate technique in the measurement of body composition.

Foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis: a valuable tool for the measurement of body composition in children.

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Obesity in Auckland school children: a comparison of the body mass index and percentage body fat as the diagnostic criterion.

How Much Fat Is There in the Body Mass Index (BMI)

Foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis: a valuable tool for the measurement of body composition in children.