Agriculture plays very vital role in Indian economy. Near about 70% of Indian population directly depends on agriculture. The main aim of this paper is to provide new engineering technology in an agricultural area which enhances farmers life and Indian economy. Irrigation i.e. well-timed and ample amount of water supply is necessary for agriculture to increase its productivity. This paper develops a small embedded system device (ESD) which takes care of a whole irrigation process and makes farmers life easier. The PIC18F4550 microcontroller interfaced with GSM module works as a brain and several sensors like temperature, level and rain works as eyes of this ESD. The power detecting circuit and battery backup unit take this ESD to next level by informing presence of three phase power supply in the field. The farmer just needs to send predefined commands through SMS from her/his mobile phone to this ESD to carry out irrigation process effectively. If and only if eyes of the ESD sees all parameters are within a safe range, the PIC18F4550 starts irrigation process by starting the irrigation pump. The farmer gets time to time feedback from ESD through SMS about the action that has taken place by PIC18F4550. The GSM module allows farmers to operate and monitor a remotely placed irrigation pump from anywhere far from their field. The free SMS facilities provided to farmers makes it more cost effective. In this way, this new engineering technology makes farmers life easier by providing remotely operated, more efficient and cost effective irrigation system.

Novel, low cost remotely operated smart irrigation system

Robots are playing a vital role in today's industrial automation and monitoring system. As technology developed these robots have increased their applications and functionality. Working robots will cooperate to the people makes the work more effortless and uncomplicated. This paper provides 4 different gestures for controlling the robots, i.e., forward, backward, left, right. For cutting weeds a gripper concept using buttons is anticipated. These movements are given by the user using MEMS accelerometer. The MEMS accelerometer will be set to the hand. Whenever the hand moves in some direction, the mechanical movement of the hand will be recognized by MEMS. MEMS translate this mechanical hand movement into equivalent electrical signals and send it to the PIC microcontroller. The PIC microcontroller at the transmitter side sends control signals to the receiver side through RF TRANSCEIVER. The controller at the receiver area receives these signals and gives direction to the robot. This type of robot is used in the crop filed to cut the weeds as per the user command.

Gesture Controlled Robot using MEMS Accelerometer for Eradication of Weeds

Agriculture is facing several very important challenges. Population growth means that more food must be produced to meet nutritional needs. However, this is putting excessive pressure on natural resources, such as water and land, which are heavily used for agricultural practices. For these reasons, we carried out a systematic review of existing studies in the scientific literature to better understand how innovative strategies can decrease water consumption in agriculture. It was performed following PRISMA guidelines, using the Scopus database to select papers that have investigated the link between water consumption and the main agriculture strategies, such as controlled-environment agriculture, hydroponics, and precision farming for field crops, in the last ten years. Data relating to the water requirements of the selected crops were estimated to provide a framework for evaluating possible solutions. The results showed that these innovative strategies have the potential to decrease water consumption, but more research is needed to fully understand their effectiveness and potential trade-offs. Therefore, both exogenous and endogenous crop factors should be considered to maximize water savings. The results will form the basis for a framework for assessing the sustainability of agricultural strategies and how they can be applied in a real-life case study.

/pdf/technologies-to-optimize-the-water-consumption-in-36j5xyie.pdf

Technologies to Optimize the Water Consumption in Agriculture: A Systematic Review

In recent years wireless sensor networks are widely used in many automated system like vehicle monitoring, heavy duty plants, robotic control etc. one of the best automated systems is the smart irrigation system. In this paper we have proposed a simple and cost effective smart irrigation system. Our system deploys wireless sensor motes from a wireless sensor network. The system is modelled in outdoor environment using TINY OS based IRIS motes to measure the moisture level of the paddy field and to set the threshold value. MDA100CB sensor motes can measure up to -40°c to 80°c and operate at a range between 1.6 to 2.7 volts. The proposed scheme uses data visualization and monitoring tool MOTEVIEW 2.0f developed by crossbow technology. Proposed scheme is easy to implement and requires less number of IRIS sensor motes as compared to other manual operating people.

Smart irrigation system for outdoor environment using Tiny OS

Water is an essential thing for crops and plants in agriculture. In traditional agriculture systems are take large amount of time to watering the crops lands and also have a lots of water wastes. Avoiding these problems drip irrigation systems are introduced. Drip irrigation technique is the best and efficient technique to supply the water to plants/crops in effective manner. In our IoT based smart and automatic drip irrigation system is solve the problems in existing systems and also provide the many features to farmers. This system is using Wemos D1 ESP 8266 which controls all sensors and send and receive the sensing values through the internet. In this paper explains the over view installation, system design and working of system.

/pdf/smart-drip-irrigation-system-19zme18w2e.pdf

Smart Drip Irrigation System

In this wireless communication era, mobile phones have become a necessity in the common man's life. Besides being capable of making calls and sending messages, the latest advancements in mobile phones facilitate them to connect to the internet also. With these capabilities, there has been an unprecedented use of mobile phones in many areas of automation. One such area where mobile phone can help with the automation is irrigation process. The main aim of the work is to simplify the method of irrigation using vocal commands through the mobile phone. The Farmer just needs to call a fixed number and utter the control commands through his phone. The control system at the field involves a PIC microcontroller interfaced with GSM modem to receive the command from the farmer and a voice recognition unit which decodes it. The motor is turned on/off according to the decoded commands by the controller. In addition, the system also sends back a message to the farmer's mobile about the action that has taken place. The power detection and battery backup unit helps in detecting the power availability in the field and inform the farmer about the same, even if the there is no supply at the field. The moisture sensor attached to the system helps in collecting the moisture content of the soil and switch off the motor

/pdf/smart-irrigation-technique-using-vocal-commands-3ogmzi0yed.pdf

Smart irrigation technique using vocal commands

Robots have been widely used to perform variety of tasks which reduces the manual work specifically in remote areas where human accessibility is unimaginable. The main applications where the robots have exhibited their excellence include surveillance, tracking targets for military purposes and also for disaster management like searching and rescuing victims. This paper deals about an evolutionary Non-humanoid robot for surveillance with intruder protection capability. The unique feature of this surveillance robot is that it can travel both on land and water and is equipped with robotic arm to handle the work safely. It is armed with a low power high performance NXP processor which is able to manage power more efficiently. Besides being able to work in Semi-autonomous mode, the CCD (Charge Coupled Devices) along with camera aids the operator to control it in manual mode

Amphibious Surveillance Robot with Smart Sensor Nodes

The purpose of this research is to help people who are in need of life-saving blood at the right time by using current technologies. A complete database of real-time blood transfusions has been developed in this research. The life-saving tool for a normal human being has been considered and developed with immediate access to the required blood using Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things. The main objective of this research is the customization of the blood storage refrigerator and the ultra-freezer for plasma component storage compatible with Internet of Things application to improve the availability of various blood products in a timely manner and to reduce the wastage of bloods. Real-time status of the availability of each blood component in each blood bank, including packing date using Internet of Things-enabled technology. Further, the contact details of donors and their willingness to donate blood are available in the database. Real-time Global Position System monitoring of potential donors can help track the availability of donors around the needy area, and an Artificial Intelligence-enabled algorithm for automatically contacting blood donors in a hospital/place is needed.KeywordsArtificial intelligenceInternet of thingsBlood banking system 

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled IoT-Based Smart Blood Banking System

Safety measures and uninterrupted surveillance are essential in areas like bank safety locker room, defense systems, VIP's homes and Luxury hotels. Prison is also the place where there is a need for high security and severe surveillance system. There are several techniques used in these particular environments which include the traditional VHS (Video Home System) and DVR (Digital Video Recorder) system.VHS surveillance system usually has the video quality problem of displaying because the analog signal is directly sent to monitor without processing, which results in poor monitoring system. Instead the DVR demonstrates a better competence in the prison. The main objective of this work is to introduce the application of CCMS (Central Control and Monitoring System) with 3G technologies for prison management by using the low cost and low power sensors through the web or wireless network which reduces the manual work involved. It also reduces the money invested and power usage in providing electrical fencing in the prison. The use of motion detection sensors and additional digital I/O devices helps to prevent escapes of prisoners.

Embedded Based 3G Security System for Prison

In the field of agriculture, precision agriculture is one of the most crucial aspects of countries with enormous populations, fertile land and water resources. Incorporation of smart irrigation will go a long way in enabling the countries to effectively and efficiently use the available water, further using the extra water for the barren lands. In this paper, an IoT-based smart irrigation system is used for building a smart Management device that efficiently uses the available water. The purpose of this Management device is to automatically manage time, avoid under-irrigation and over-irrigation issues, streamline water consumption, distribution and manage the water reserves. This device also employs the open-source clouds, fusion centers, sinks and field-deployed sensors for smart irrigation purposes. The performance is compared with that of other existing methodologies in terms of packet delivery ratio, packets sent to destination, network stability period and energy consumption. Based on the observations of the experimental results, it is identified that the proposed management device saves up to thirty percent of the energy and is seen to offer higher network stability. The proposed work can be used in various irrigation models like lateral move irrigation, surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation. The advantage of this management system is that it can be used in third-world countries where only 2G and 3G are available to develop their small farms.

Automated Smart Irrigation System using IoT with Sensor Parameter

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