Nuclear DNA Amounts in Macaronesian Angiosperms

Euphorbia subsect. Pachycladae is a taxon of primarily Macaronesian distribution, defined by morphological and biogeographical criteria. On the basis of morphological data, it is a heterogeneous group within which at least three complexes of species can be distinguished. To ascertain whether it is a natural group and discover its phylogenetic relations, we performed a cladistic analysis of the sequences of ribosomal nuclear DNA and a karyological study. The results of the two studies are concordant and show that the sub-section is polyphyletic and includes three different groups. The first monophyletic group is made up of the Macaronesian endemics E. atropurpurea complex and E. lamarckii complex, which form a polytomy with E. dendroides as the basal species. The lauroid species E. longifolia and E. stygiana represent the second monophyletic group, which derive from Mediterranean forms of E. sect. Helioscopia Dumort. Both species are paleopolyploid (2n=44) with highly symmetrical karyotypes. Finally, E. balsamifera, with a Canarian, African and Arabian distribution, remains isolated in a basal position. Its karyotype, with 2n=20 chromosomes, differs from the Macaronesian model and displays analogies with African cactiform spurges. On the basis of the results, some hypotheses are formulated about speciation processes in the three groups.

Karyological evolution and molecular phylogeny in Macaronesian dendroid spurges (Euphorbia subsect. Pachycladae)

To evaluate the sectional classification in Carex, subgenus Vignea, the ITS region of 58 species of 20 sections was analyzed with Neighbor Joining (NJ) and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Sections Dioicae, Physodeae and Ovales are found to be monophyletic, with C. bohemica well integrated in the section Ovales. Section Heleonastes turns out to be monophyletic, if C. canescens is treated separately in section Canescentes. Section Elongatae is monophyletic, but C. remota is placed in section Remotae and C. bromoides in section Deweyanae. In both analyses, six representatives of section Arenariae cluster together in a terminal group, whereas C. disticha, C. repens and C. siccata form a basal cluster. C. maritima, as the only member of section Incurvae, shares this basal position. C. chordorrhiza is ascribed to section Chordorrhizeae and not ascribed to the paraphyletic section Divisae. C. vulpina and C. otrubae are assigned to section Vulpinae and separated from the heterogeneous section Stenorhynchae. The other members of sections Divisae, Muehlenbergianae, Multiflorae and Stenorhynchae are scattered throughout the trees. The representatives of section Foetidae are dispersed in both analyses, section Paniculatae appears to be non-monophyletic in the molecular results as well. The subgenus appears subdivided in at least four larger subgroups in all analyses. Whereas these subgroups are strongly supported, the relationships between these subgroups remain only poorly resolved.

/pdf/phylogenetic-relationships-in-carex-subgenus-vignea-5bbrvzvfa7.pdf

Phylogenetic relationships in Carex , subgenus Vignea (Cyperaceae), based on ITS sequences

Basic chromosome numbers in Lotus are x = 5, 6, and 7. It is considered that evolution has proceeded in the genus by means of a descending aneuploid series from an eight-chromosomed ancestor. Chromosome numbers for species of Tetragonolobus are based on x = 7. Somatic chromosome numbers are reported for 108 species and 38 varieties. The chromosome numbers for five species (L. hamatus Greene, 2n = 14, L. haydonii (Orcutt) Greene, 2n = 14, L. hintoniorum B.L. Turner, 2n = 14, L. mearnsii Britton, 2n = 14, L. utahensis Ottley, 2n = 14) and seven varieties (L. argophyllus (Gray) Green var. argenteus Dunkle, 2n = 14, L. dendroideus var. traskiae (Eastwood ex Noddin) Isely, 2n = 14, L. heermanii (Durand et Hilgard) Greene var. orbicularis (Gray) Isely, 2n = 14, L. junceus (Benth.) Greene var. biolettii (Greene) Ottley, 2n = 14, L. strigosus var. hirtellus (Greene) Ottley, 2n = 14, L. strigosus var. tomentellus (Greene) Isely, 2n = 14, L. uliginosus ssp. vestitus (Lange) A. Pedersen, 2n = 12) are reported for th...

A chromosome atlas and interspecific – intergenic index for Lotus and Tetragonolobus (Fabaceae)

/pdf/checklist-of-chromosome-numbers-counted-in-canarian-vascular-ewydi3atrs.pdf

Checklist of chromosome numbers counted in Canarian vascular plants

Dalgaard, V.: Chromosome studies in flowering plants from Macaronesia II. -Willdenowia 20: 139152. 1991.ISSN 0511-9618. Chromosome numbers are reported for 36 species of flowering plants from the Canary Islands and Madeira. 13 numbers are new or deviate from previous reports. Chromosome numbers of four additional species are reported for the first time from Macaronesia. Notes on taxonomy, distribution and chromosome morphology are provided for many species.The new (Cr deviating counts occurwithin the following genera: Carex, Cirsium, Deschampsia, Echium, Habenaria, Helichrysum, Lotus, Monizia, Ononis, Pericallis, Saxifraga, Vicia.

Chromosome studies in flowering plants from Macaronesia II

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Chromosome studies in flowering plants from Macaronesia II