A field experimental study was conducted during summer season (2023) at Eastern farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to evaluate suitable irrigation method for black gram. The experiment was laid out in a strip plot design which comprise main plot treatments such as M1 – Drip Irrigation, M2 –Micro sprinkler Irrigation, M3 – Rain hose Irrigation and M4 – Conventional Irrigation and subplot consists of different depths for placement of soil moisture sensor viz., D1 – 5 cm , D2 – 10 cm and D3 – 15 cm. The growth attributes viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant were significantly higher in drip irrigation system with sensor depth of 15cm. The root length and root dry weight were significantly greater in Rain hose irrigation with sensor placed at depth of 15 cm. The yield attributes viz., number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant, pod weight per plant, pod length, test weight, grain yield and haulm yield were significantly higher in drip irrigation with sensor placed at depth of 15 cm. The average grain yield of drip irrigation method is 31.7 per cent higher than the grain yield of conventional irrigation method. Higher grain yield of 1159 kg ha -1 was obtained in drip system with sensor placed at the depth of 15 cm. 

pdf/evaluation-of-suitable-smart-irrigation-system-for-black-3chk9p07jt.pdf

Evaluation of Suitable Smart Irrigation System for Black Gram

Accurate and timely pregnancy diagnosis is vital for efficient reproductive management and economic sustainability in buffalo husbandry. This study examines prevalence and determinants of false pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes under field conditions across four major buffalo–rearing districts of Andhra Pradesh: Guntur, Prakasam, Krishna and Nellore. A multistage random sampling method yielded data from 240 dairy farmers and 415 buffaloes, capturing information on visual observation of estrus for pregnancy diagnosis (VOB) at 21±3–days intervals and rectal palpation (RP) conducted 60–120 days post-AI. The diagnostic accuracy of both methods was evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and overall accuracy. VOB, though widely used, showed high sensitivity but low specificity, resulting in a considerable rate of false positives. In contrast, RP demonstrated significantly higher accuracy and reliability. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify factors influencing false diagnosis. For VOB, increased farmer experience and awareness significantly reduced false diagnosis risk, while larger herd sizes, poor body condition, reproductive disorders and high ambient temperatures elevated the risk. For RP, higher animal parity reduced false diagnosis odds, whereas poor body condition and specific seasonal contexts slightly compromised accuracy. 

pdf/prevalence-and-determinants-of-false-pregnancy-diagnosis-in-74hroowm2b4c.pdf

Prevalence and determinants of false pregnancy diagnosis in buffaloes: Field evidence from Andhra Pradesh, India

A field experiment was conducted at Wetland farm, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during summer 2022 to study the effect of growth and yield parameters of greengram under different irrigation methods. The field experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having seven treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment are T 1 : Check basin method (Line sowing), T 2 : Check basin method (Broadcasting), T 3 : Raised bed method (Line sowing), T 4 : Ridges and furrow method (Line sowing), T 5 : Drip irrigation system (Line sowing), T 6 : Drip irrigation system (Broadcasting) and T 7 : Sprinkler irrigation system (Line sowing). Experimental results showed that significantly higher plant height, number of branches plant -1 , number of pods plant -1 , pod weight plant -1 , number of seeds plant -1 , seed yield and haulm yield were recorded in drip irrigation system (Line sowing) in greengram which was on par with sprinkler irrigation system (Line sowing). Drip and sprinkler irrigation systems recorded the higher seed yield (42.1% and 36.1%, respectively) over check basin method (Broadcasting). This study revealed that the drip and sprinkler irrigation methods along with line sowing resulted better growth and yield parameters of summer greengram and enhanced its production.

Influence of different irrigation methods on growth and yield of summer greengram (Vigna radiata L.)

Introduction: The Circle of Willis (COW) is a large arterial anastomotic ring present at the basal cistern of the brain, uniting the internal carotid and the vertebro-basilar system. Sir Thomas Willis was the first to describe the importance of the circle in maintaining collateral flow. It was observed that there is very little mixing of blood between the collateral branches of the circle. These collaterals may however open up during occlusive episodes of the proximal feeding vessels or in case of severe stress such as stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to maintain metabolic activity in the brain. This phenomenon is affected to various degrees in the presence of anomalies. The prevalence of anomalies of COW in the general population is up to 75.72% was demonstrated in other studies. Materials and Methodology: This is a cross sectional observational study. 20 consecutive patients above 18 years of age succumbed to isolated TBI who were subjected to medico-legal autopsy in our hospital were included. The anomalies were classified as per the criteria laid down by StojanoviÂ´c et al. Results: 9 Normal variants (Type A) of COW (45%) was found. The most common type of anomaly was Type C which was noted in 4 cases (20%). Conclusion: Anatomical variations of COW has proven association in the areas of stroke, aneurysm, migraine, carotid endarterectomy and ageing brains. Further studies are needed to determine whether the anomalies of COW really contribute to the mortality in TBI.

Prevalence of anatomical variations of circle of willis in south indian population succumbing to isolated traumatic brain injury - a cadaveric study

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Influence of different irrigation methods on growth and yield of summer greengram (Vigna radiata L.)

Prevalence of anatomical variations of circle of willis in south indian population succumbing to isolated traumatic brain injury - a cadaveric study