In this work, the results of high-resolution integrated geophysical surveys of the archaeological site of Traiano's Villa (Altopiani di Arcinazzo, Roma, Italy) are presented. The Villa of Roman Emperor Marco Ulpio Traino (AD 98–117) was built in Arcinazzo (Italy), approximately 55 km northeast of Rome. Today, the only remains left standing at the site are the public building entrances comprising a small portion of the entire site. Over 5 ha, adjacent to the entrance remains, had not been surveyed. As part of an ongoing study to rescue this national archaeological treasure, high-resolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys, using a submetre profile spacing, integrated with a gradiometric survey, were conducted. Amplitude GPR time-slice analysis indicates that many structural foundations and walls of the villa are still well preserved below the surface. Time-slices below 1.5 m in one area indicate two large mushroom shaped structures enclosed within a large building over 100 m in length. These structures are believed to be dipping pools within a larger structure believed to be the bathhouse to the villa. At the location west of the bathhouse a large oval shaped anomaly 45 m along its major axis was located. This subsurface structure is believed to be an oval garden pond or a swimming pool. Several other remnants of rectangular buildings coincident with the oval structure but much deeper were also imaged. Other structures include a long rectangular corridor that contains many square shaped rooms, which has been interpreted as a criptoporticus.



The magnetic map, related to part of the area investigated, shows many dipole anomalies. These anomalies represent linear and semicircular structures of the villa. The magnetic results provide complementary information to the GPR survey that lines out walls and floors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The study and characterization of Emperor Traiano's Villa (Altopiani di Arcinazzo, Roma) using high-resolution integrated geophysical surveys

Chapter 5 – Ground Penetrating Radar Data Processing, Modelling and Analysis

Use of ground penetrating radar to map subsurface archaeological features in an urban area

In this work, some results of a GPR survey carried out in a 10000 m2 large archaeological site, located in Lecce (Italy) near to a necropolis dating from the Messapian to the Roman imperial age, are reported. After a preliminary survey, performed on the entire area along parallel 1 m spaced profiles using a 200 MHz and a 500 MHz antenna in single-fold continuous mode, some smaller areas were selected, where the survey was repeated decreasing the profile spacing down to 0.50 m for the lower frequency antenna and to 0.25 m for the higher one. For two selected zones (D and B) the processed data were visualized in 3D space not only by the standard time slice technique, but also by two recently proposed approaches, namely by iso-amplitude surfaces of the complex trace amplitude and by 3D projection of energy and envelope stacks. The immediacy in revealing the spatial positioning of highly reflecting bodies, such as the anomaly interpreted as an old refilled cistern in zone D, makes 3D visualization techniques very attractive in archaeological applications of GPR. Their sensitivity to the signal/noise ratio is, on the other hand, highlighted by the quite poor performance in zone B, where the only reliable result provided by all the techniques was the soil/bedrock reflection, whereas none of them could effectively enhance the visibility of weak dipping reflections noted on 2D sections and probably related to fractures or bedding planes in the calcarenitic basement. The performance of the various techniques in these two different situations allowed insights into their main advantages and drawbacks to be gained.

/pdf/application-of-3d-visualization-techniques-in-the-analysis-12fm9jcoad.pdf

Application of 3D visualization techniques in the analysis of GPR data for archaeology

Geophysical techniques can be effectively applied to produce an image of buried targets in a host medium, through the detection of the ‘boundaries’ between materials having different values of a specific physical property. Over the last 30 years these methods have been increasingly used to detect the presence of archaeological ruins in the subsurface, thus reducing extensive, destructive, time consuming and expensive excavations. Recently, ground penetrating radar (GPR) has become the most important physical technique in archaeological investigations (allowing for the detection of archaeological targets with both very high vertical and horizontal resolution) and has been successfully applied also to diagnostic purposes in historical buildings and monuments. In this article an overview of the use of radio waves in archaeology is presented, first introducing the main physical concepts of GPR, then presenting some examples of its application to detect ancient buried structures, showing the potential and the ...

Radio wave techniques for non-destructive archaeological investigations

A ground-penetrating radar survey for archaeological investigations in an urban area (Lecce, Italy)

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A ground-penetrating radar survey for archaeological investigations in an urban area (Lecce, Italy)