On the territory of Ukraine, for decades, the pig industry has traditionally remained one of the main reserves for ensuring the financial well-being of the population. Among the factors contributing to the profitability of pig breeding enterprises, a significant role is played by the breeding capacity of sows, since it guarantees the receipt of livestock for rearing and fattening. An indisputable condition for ensuring the efficiency of pig production is to increase the fattening and meat characteristics of pigs. With this in mind, the purpose of the study is to investigate the abovementioned economic traits of pigs, which is currently an urgent task. The research was preceded by the establishment of three groups of sows and young stock, numbering 10 animal units each, located in similar economic conditions. According to the investigational plan, three groups of pigs are provided depending on the genotype: control group 1 – Large White (LW); experimental group 2 – Landrace (L); experimental group 3 – 1/2LWx1/2L (maternal base – Large White, paternal – Landrace). As a result of the conducted studies, it was found out that the local pig population obtained from crossing purebred animals of the Large White and Landrace breeds prevailed in terms of productivity over the original parent forms. From them, on average for three farrowing operations, the largest number of piglets at birth and the highest multiplicity were obtained. An unreliable correlation was found between the characteristics of the reproductive ability of sows and the number of farrowing. The correlation coefficient between the farrowing number and the number of piglets at birth had a negative value – -0.013; for fertility – positive – +0.038; for the offspring size – +0.014; milking capacity – +0.044. At the age of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 months, local young stock had the highest live weight, and the Large White pigs had the lowest values with significant differences (P≤0.05-0.001). The Landrace pigs had the highest live weight at birth and at the age of 4 months, and the Large White pigs had the lowest live weight (P≤0.05-0.001). The findings allow increasing the efficiency of the pig industry and prove the expediency of interbreeding in order to increase the economic traits of pigs

Comparative Assessment Of Economic Traits Of Pigs Of Different Breeds And Breed Combinations

The work presents the results of the study of some biochemical indicators of blood serum, physicochemical properties, and chemical composition of muscle tissue of young pigs of the large white breed and the calculation of correlations between the main quantitative characteristics. The work was carried out in the agricultural formations of the Dnipropetrovsk region, the research center for biosafety and environmental control of agricultural resources of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, LLC “Globynskyi Myasokbinat” of the Poltava region, the zootechnical analysis laboratory of the Institute of Pig Breeding and Agro-industrial Production of the National Academy of Sciences and the animal husbandry laboratory of the state institution “Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS”. Studies of the fattening and meat qualities of young pigs of the large white breed show that the animals of the controlled population belong to the elite class by the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg. This indicator in the animals of the experimental group ranges from 167 to 188 days. It was established that the number of samples of the longest back muscle of high quality according to the indicator “moisture retention capacity” is 12.0 %, “fat content” – 16.0%, “tenderness” – 12% and “color intensity” – 16%. A high level of phenotypic consolidation was established in the animals of the II experimental group (the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg is 177–188 days) according to the content of total moisture (K1 = +0.458, K2 = +0.456), air-dry matter (K1 = +0.492, K2 = +0.500), ash (K1 = +0.527, K2 = +0.534), fat (K1 = +0.559, K2 = +0.518) and calcium (K1 = +0.385, K2 = +0.415). Reliable correlations were established between the following pairs of traits: moisture-holding capacity × protein content (r = -0.484, tr = 2.65), age at which live weight reached 100 kg × calcium (Ca) content (r = -0.392, tr = 2,15), age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg × moisture retention capacity (r = +0.447, tr = 2.40), age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg × loss during heat treatment (r = -0.390, tr = 2.14). This indicates the effectiveness of using the indicator “age of reaching 100 kg live weight, days” for early prediction of calcium (Ca), moisture retention capacity, and loss of muscle tissue during heat treatment in young pigs of the large white breed. 

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Components of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of mus-cle tissue of young pigs of different growth intensities, the level of their pheno-typic consolidation, and correlation

The article presents the results of research on the indicators of own productivity of replacement pigs and reproductive qualities of sows of different breeding value and determines the economic efficiency of research results. The study was conducted in agricultural formations of Dnipropetrovsk and Sumy regions, the livestock laboratory of the Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS, and the livestock and feed production laboratory of the Institute of Agriculture North-East of NAAS. The evaluation of replacement pigs on indicators of own productivity and sows on signs of reproductive qualities was carried out taking into account the following parameters: age of achievement of live weight of 100 kg, days; fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm; the thickness of the fat at the midpoint of the back between the withers and buttocks, mm; thickness of lard on the sacrum, mm; torso length, cm; fertility, goal; nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days, kg, safety, %. The BLUP index (maternal line) was calculated according to the general model of a single animal (P.A. Vashchenko, 2019), the reproductive quality index (RQI) – according to the method of I.P. Sheiko and others. (2006), the index of alignment (homogeneity) of the sow's nest by live weight of piglets at the time of their birth (IVG0) – according to the method of V.I. Khalak (2012), biometric processing of research results - according to the methods of G.F. Lakin (1990). It is established that replacement pigs of the Large White breed based on their productivity (age of reaching live weight 100 kg, days, fat thickness at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, mm) belong to the elite class. The number of sows, which by fertility, milk yield, and nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 60 days (estimated) belong to the elite class is 71.73, 41.30, and 37.68%, respectively. A significant difference between replacement pigs of different breeding value (M+, M-) was established by the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg (12 days, td = 4.58, P<0.001), the thickness of the fat at the level of 6-7 thoracic vertebrae (2.4 mm, td = 6.67, P<0.001), the thickness of the fat at the midpoint of the back between the withers and buttocks (1.1 mm, td = 3.14, P<0.01), the thickness of the fat on the buttocks (2.1 mm, td = 6.77, P<0.001) and body length - 1.9 cm (td = 4.14, P<0.001). Sows of group I (BLUP index is 109.78-128.75 points) outperformed peers of group III (BLUP index is 53.61-89.91 points) in the fertility by 27.13% (td = 10.60, P<0.001 ), milk yield - 27.86% (td = 10.86, P<0.001), the number of piglets at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days - 27.27% (td = 12.00, P<0.001), nest weight at the time of weaning at the age of 28 days - 21.37% (td = 10.57, P<0.001) and the index of reproductive qualities (RQI) - 24.52% (td = 11.50, P<0.001). According to the IVG0 index, the difference between the groups M− and M+ is 28.15% (td = 9.82, P<0.001), which indicates greater homogeneity of sows of class M−. According to the BLUP index for pigs of the Large White breed of the controlled herd, the criterion for selecting highly productive animals is the indicators 109.78-128.75, according to the index of reproductive qualities (RQI) - 101.43-161.72 points. The pairwise correlation coefficient between the absolute indicators of reproductive qualities of sows, the BLUP index (maternal line), the index "alignment (homogeneity) of the sow's nest by live weight of piglets at birth," and the index of reproductive qualities ranges from +0.648 to +0.984. M+ class sows provide additional products at the level of +13.08%, and its cost is +332.08 UAH/head.

Keywords: replacement pig, own productivity, sow, reproductive qualities, breeding value, index, variability, correlation, economic efficiency
 

References

 

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Breeding value and productivity in sows of the Large White breed

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Breeding value and productivity in sows of the Large White breed