In this paper we present a novel platform for underwater sensor
networks to be used for long-term monitoring of coral
reefs and �sheries The sensor network consists of static
and mobile underwater sensor nodes The nodes communicate
point-to-point using a novel high-speed optical communication
system integrated into the TinyOS stack, and
they broadcast using an acoustic protocol integrated in the
TinyOS stack The nodes have a variety of sensing capabilities,
including cameras, water temperature, and pressure
The mobile nodes can locate and hover above the
static nodes for data muling, and they can perform network
maintenance functions such as deployment, relocation, and
recovery In this paper we describe the hardware and software
architecture of this underwater sensor network We
then describe the optical and acoustic networking protocols
and present experimental networking and data collected in
a pool, in rivers, and in the ocean Finally, we describe our
experiments with mobility for data muling in this network

Data collection, storage and retrieval with an underwater sensor network

One of the important issues in wireless sensor network is the inherent limited battery power within network sensor nodes. Minimizing energy dissipation and maximizing network lifetime are important issues in the design of sensor networks. LEACH (low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) is well-known because it is simple and efficient. LEACH divides the whole network into several clusters, and the run time of network is broken into many rounds. In each round, the nodes in a cluster contend to be cluster head according to a predefined criterion. However, since CHs consume more energy in aggregating and routing data, it is important to have an energy-efficient mechanism for CHs’ election and rotation. Our proposed algorithm for cluster head selection is based on max residual energy, minimum distance, and minimum energy. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a mechanism to increase the lifetime of homogeneous sensor nodes controlling long distance communication, node balancing and efficient delivery of information.

/pdf/a-new-approach-to-extend-the-wsn-lifetime-with-the-2eo05iyv8l.pdf

A New Approach to Extend the WSN Lifetime with the Enhancement of Leach Protocol

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A New Approach to Extend the WSN Lifetime with the Enhancement of Leach Protocol