抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical progress concerning many-body phenomena in dilute, ultracold gases. It focuses on effects beyond standard weak-coupling descriptions, such as the Mott-Hubbard transition in optical lattices, strongly interacting gases in one and two dimensions, or lowest-Landau-level physics in quasi-two-dimensional gases in fast rotation. Strong correlations in fermionic gases are discussed in optical lattices or near-Feshbach resonances in the BCS-BEC crossover.

/pdf/many-body-physics-with-ultracold-gases-552s10zfdn.pdf

Many-Body Physics with Ultracold Gases

R J Baxter 1982 London: Academic xii + 486 pp price £43.60 Over the past few years there has been a growing belief that all the twodimensional lattice statistical models will eventually be solved and that it will be Professor Baxter who solves them. Baxter has inherited the mantle of Onsager who started the process by solving exactly the two-dimensional Ising model in 1944.

Exactly Solved Models in Statistical Mechanics

The density-matrix renormalization group in the age of matrix product states

Recent interest in aspects common to quantum information and condensed matter has prompted a flurry of activity at the border of these disciplines that were far distant until a few years ago. Numerous interesting questions have been addressed so far. Here an important part of this field, the properties of the entanglement in many-body systems, are reviewed. The zero and finite temperature properties of entanglement in interacting spin, fermion, and boson model systems are discussed. Both bipartite and multipartite entanglement will be considered. In equilibrium entanglement is shown tightly connected to the characteristics of the phase diagram. The behavior of entanglement can be related, via certain witnesses, to thermodynamic quantities thus offering interesting possibilities for an experimental test. Out of equilibrium entangled states are generated and manipulated by means of many-body Hamiltonians.

/pdf/entanglement-in-many-body-systems-sqpatuxt14.pdf

Entanglement in many-body systems

Experimental realizations of topologically ordered states of matter, such as fractional quantum Hall states, with cold atoms are now within reach. In particular, optical lattices provide a promising platform for the realization and characterization of such states, where novel detection schemes enable an unprecedented microscopic understanding. Here we show that the central charge can be directly measured in current cold atom experiments using the number entropy as a proxy for the entanglement entropy. We perform density-matrix renormalization-group simulations of Hubbard-interacting bosons on coupled chains subject to a magnetic field with $\ensuremath{\alpha}=1/4$ flux quanta per plaquette. Tuning the interchain hopping, we find a transition from a trivial quasi-one-dimensional phase to the topologically ordered Laughlin state at magnetic filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=1/2$ for systems of three or more chains. We resolve the transition using the central charge, on-site correlations, momentum distributions, and the many-body Chern number. Additionally, we propose a scheme to experimentally estimate the central charge from Fock basis snapshots. The model studied here is experimentally realizable with existing cold atom techniques and the proposed observables pave the way for the detection and classification of a larger class of interacting topological states of matter. 

/pdf/snapshot-based-detection-of-mml-math-xmlns-mml-http-www-w3-28bylb4i.pdf

Snapshot-based detection of 
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:math>
 Laughlin states: Coupled chains and central charge

Using the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) and various analytical techniques (functional renormalization) we consider the effects of local impurities in Luttinger liquids. We find that the universal physics predicted by bosonization sets in only at extremely long, experimentally arguably irrelevant length scales or small energy scales respectively. The explicit construction of the RG flow allows to trace this behaviour to an extremely weak renormalization in real space of the impurities associated to the generation of a very long-ranged oscillating scattering potential.

DMRG Studies of Impurities in Luttinger Liquids

We discuss the ground state of the one-dimensional frustrated quantum Heisenberg ferrimagnet. In the limit of weak frustration the ground state has macroscopic total spin and exhibits magnetic long-range order. In the opposite limit of strong frustration the ground state is a singlet ( S =0). We find indications that this transition to a singlet state is of first order. We compare the ferrimagnet with the corresponding ferromagnet.

Quantum phase transitions in frustrated ferro- and ferrimagnets

The adaptive time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method : development and applications

Time-dependent properties of one-dimensional spin-systems : a DMRG-study

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Ulrich Schollwöck

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Snapshot-based detection of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:math> Laughlin states: Coupled chains and central charge

DMRG Studies of Impurities in Luttinger Liquids

Quantum phase transitions in frustrated ferro- and ferrimagnets

The adaptive time-dependent density matrix renormalization group method : development and applications

Time-dependent properties of one-dimensional spin-systems : a DMRG-study