Critical and creative thinking abilities are part of 21st century skills that have not been well utilized. One effort to improve these abilities can be through project-based learning (PjBL). This quantitative study aims to determine the effect of the PjBL model on students' critical thinking and creative thinking abilities on the ecosystem concept. This research used a quasi-experimental design with the matching posttest-only control group design and a population of all class The sample was determined using a purposive sampling technique with various considerations, selecting class X-1 as the experimental class and class X-2 as the control class. The research instrument used 15 questions for critical thinking skills and 12 questions for creative thinking. The collected data was then analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. The results of the analysis show that the PjBL model has a significant effect on students' critical and creative thinking abilities on the ecosystem concept (P 0.000 < 0.05). Thus, the PjBL model can be used as an alternative learning to empower 21st century skills.

The effect of project-based learning model on students’ critical and creative thinking skills in the ecosystem concept

One of the skills that students must have 21st century skills. In order for students to understand and master the skills of learning materials, especially science learning, it is necessary to apply the STEM integrated learning model. Meta-analytic research is needed on the effect of the STEM integrated learning model on science learning on 21st century skills based on different previous research findings. The purpose of this research is to see how much influence the STEM integrated learning model has on science learning on 21st century skills in terms of educational level, learning models, and types of 21st century skills. The research method used is a meta-analysis of 22 articles in national and international journals. Coding is a data collection technique, and for effect size analysis it is used for data analysis techniques. The research results obtained, namely with variations in educational levels, learning models, and 21st century skills, state that the application of STEM integrated learning models in science learning has a high influence on 21st century skills. The conclusion from this meta-analysis research is that there is a high influence from the application of the model STEM integrated learning in science learning towards 21st century skills. 

Meta-Analysis of the Influence of the STEM-Integrated Learning Model on Science Learning on 21st Century Skills

Improving students' critical thinking skills is the goal of 21st-century learning. Therefore, this Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aims to find the techniques for improving students' critical thinking skills, especially in mathematics education. Data collection was obtained from scopus database. 24 publications published between the years 2018 to 2022 were retrieved for further analysis. Various tools were employed, they are; Microsoft excel and VostViewer. The result of the analysis showed that the techniques used to improve critical thinking skills include teaching methods, teaching materials, robotic coding activities, teacher attitudes, and the Olympics. The teaching method mostly used to improve critical thinking in mathematics education which is popularly used is Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) approach. This literature review is intended to help educators better understand learning tools to enhance students' critical thinking skills. This can make the mathematics learning process more creative and meaningful.

https://j-cup.org/index.php/cendekia/article/download/2091/865

Improving Student’s Critical Thinking Skills in Mathematics Education: A Systematic Literature Review

Constructivism as a theoretical basis in education is key, considering that this approach views learning as an active process where students play a role in constructing their own knowledge. Apart from that, the development of mobile and virtual technology is increasingly growing in the educational environment. This research explores the effectiveness of this approach in building constructivist thinking in learning electrical installation practices. The method used in this research is the 4D Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate model. The research instruments include an expert review validity questionnaire and an evaluation instrument for students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the Mobile Virtual Laboratory Based on Project-Based Learning in building constructivism. The research results show that the Mobile Virtual Laboratory is valid based on expert assessment, in addition there has been a significant increase in students’ understanding of concepts and practical skills, with a high level of satisfaction with the use of the Mobile Virtual Laboratory. So, it can be concluded that the Mobile Virtual Laboratory based on Project-Based Learning can be an effective tool to support constructivist learning in electrical measurement practice. The results of this research open opportunities for further research on how Artificial Intelligence can build constructive thinking.

Effectiveness of Mobile Virtual Laboratory Based on Project-Based Learning to Build Constructivism Thinking

The research was motivated by the low learning outcomes of students, where as many as 57% of thirty students still needed to achieve the minimum completeness criteria (KKM). Moreover, in practice, the assessment of learning outcomes developed by teachers needs to be oriented toward measuring critical thinking skills. This study aims to describe the effectiveness of the Problem-based Learning (PBL) model with the integrated pattern of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) education in fourth-grade elementary school students. In this study, Borg and Gall's development research model was used, a process carried out to produce and test an educational product. The results showed (1) Each statement, both positive and negative statements, obtained an average percentage of 85.4% and was declared good; and (2) the average pretest score was only 32.7 and increased after the PBL-STS model was applied with a posttest score of 83.3. The average n-gain value obtained is 0.75 and is included in the high category. In addition, the significance value (2-tailed) is 0.00 &lt;0.05, so the application of the PBL-STS model has a significant effect on the achievement of learning objectives (students' critical thinking skills learning outcomes), or is accepted. 

The PBL-STS Model for Achieving Critical Thinking Skills in Elementary School Students

Critical thinking is one of the important competencies in the twenty-first century that should be acquired. Therefore, there is a need to facilitate the students with the teaching approach and learning model that could improve this skill. One of the learning approaches that provide the students with the opportunity to think creatively is STEM-PjBL. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to describe the application of STEM-PjBL able to increase the critical thinking skills of the student. The SLR or Systematic Literature Review method was chosen to present a comprehensive and balanced summary of primary research results. The literature review was conducted through Google Scholar, Crossref, and Scopus. From 100 works of literature, 15 articles showed that PjBL STEM learning was able to improve critical thinking skills. This study examined 15 articles that were analyzed based on research methods, and the findings revealed that the application of STEM-PjBL could enhance the critical thinking skills of the student with the literature review method. Based on the existing data collection, it is analyzed through case studies that are the subject of discussion. The findings of the study revealed that: 1) the use of STEM-PjBL had a positive and significant impact on the critical thinking skills of students in each educational unit, including primary school, secondary schools, and high school; 2) the use of STEM-PjBL can help students improve their mathematical critical thinking skills; 3)  interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation are among the indicators recommended for use as a reference for students' mathematical critical thinking skills.

https://journals.researchsynergypress.com/index.php/ijrse/article/download/1141/590

Improving Mathematical Critical Thinking Skill through STEM-PjBL: A Systematic Literature Review

Mathematical literacy is one of the eminent skills in the learning process in the 21st century. However, the mathematical skills of Junior High School students in Indonesia need some improvement. This study aims to develop a test of mathematical literacy based on the integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) and Project-based Learning (PjBL). The study involved research and development using the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation model (ADDIE). The results showed that the developed mathematical literacy test based on STEM-PjBL is valid and practical to be implemented by the expert validator. Moreover, the construct validity through implementation in the classroom obtained the result that the instrument is valid and reliable. This instrument is expected to be disseminated to the wider population to accustom the students to the problem embedded in project-based learning and STEM activities. 
Keywords: Mathematical Literacy; Instrument Test; STEM-PjBL; ADDIE Model

Developing a Test of Mathematical Literacy based on STEM-PjBL using ADDIE Model

21st-century learning requires students to have the competency problem-solving and critical thinking, creative thinking, collaboration and communication. However, the mathematical critical thinking skills of Indonesian junior high school students remain relatively low. Therefore, the study aims to develop a digital book STEM PjBL to foster the students’ mathematical critical thinking skills. To achieve this aim development and research of the Borg and Gall (Gall et al., 2007) model continued with the experimental research conducted using one group pre- and post-test design. Instrument tests of mathematical critical thinking skills and student perception questionnaires were employed to collect data. The findings indicate that the digital book STEM PjBL is valid and significant in fostering students’ critical thinking skills and has a positive impact on other 21st-century learning skills. Furthermore, the data shows that students are satisfied and interested in learning through active teaching and learning methods that incorporate ICT tools and STEM-PjBL aspects.

/pdf/fostering-students-mathematical-critical-thinking-skills-on-1kr17j2z.pdf

Fostering students’ mathematical critical thinking skills on number patterns through digital book STEM PjBL

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Improving Mathematical Critical Thinking Skill through STEM-PjBL: A Systematic Literature Review

Developing a Test of Mathematical Literacy based on STEM-PjBL using ADDIE Model

Fostering students’ mathematical critical thinking skills on number patterns through digital book STEM PjBL