Several models have been proposed in the literature over the last two decades in order to simulate free-radical homopolymerizations. However, most of these models deal with one specific monomer system, usually under restricted polymerization conditions.

A Comprehensive Simulator/Database Package for Reviewing Free-Radical Homopolymerizations

Specific Refractive Index Increments of Polymers in Dilute Solution

Solvent effect on thermal degradation of plasticized para-substituted polystyrenes

Kinetics of radical polymerization—LIV. Investigation of the bulk polymerization of p-methyl styrene

Hard capsules are made from gelatin, an organic polymer obtained through the hydrolysis of collagen present in animal tissues. Gelatin can be degraded by microorganisms and some strategies can be used to control contaminating micro-organisms. Gamma irradiation is considered as an effective sterilization method; however, its application can alter the chemical structure of the irradiated product. Samples of hard gelatin capsules were irradiated at doses of 5, 15, and 25 kGy at room temperature. The characterizations of the physical and chemical effects were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. Furthermore, hard gelatin capsule samples were dissolved and inoculated with Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium, to evaluate the effect of gamma ray radiation on bacterial counts. The results showed that gamma radiation did not interfere on physical parameters of the capsule, such as moisture content, mass, body and cap length, and disintegration time. Nevertheless, differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated changes in the glass transition temperature, indicating the formation of crosslinking in irradiated capsules. It was observed that there were significant reductions on the inoculated bacterial population starting from the lowest irradiation dose and there was no detection of bacterial growth from the 15 kGy dose, while in the non-irradiated samples were found with 104 CFU mL−1 of bacteria. Therefore, this work concludes that the gamma radiation is effective on the reduction of the microbial population, cause discrete physical-chemical alterations, and could be used as a hard capsule sterilization technique.

Application of Gamma Radiation on Hard Gelatin Capsules as Sterilization Technique and Its Consequences on the Chemical Structure of the Material.

Free radical polymerization of p-methyl styrene

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

U Schröder

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Free radical polymerization of p-methyl styrene