https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(13)60777-1.pdf

Physical and cognitive functioning of people older than 90 years: a comparison of two Danish cohorts born 10 years apart

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(15)00947-2.pdf

A comparison of health expectancies over two decades in England: results of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study I and II

Perceptions by the oldest old of successful aging, Vitality 90 + Study

Population aging increases the need for knowledge on positive aspects of aging, and contributions of older people to their own wellbeing and that of others. We defined active aging as an individual’s striving for elements of wellbeing with activities as per their goals, abilities and opportunities. This study examines associations of health, health behaviors, health literacy and functional abilities, environmental and social support with active aging and wellbeing. We will develop and validate assessment methods for physical activity and physical resilience suitable for research on older people, and examine their associations with active aging and wellbeing. We will examine cohort effects on functional phenotypes underlying active aging and disability. For this population-based study, we plan to recruit 1000 participants aged 75, 80 or 85 years living in central Finland, by drawing personal details from the population register. Participants are interviewed on active aging, wellbeing, disability, environmental and social support, mobility, health behavior and health literacy. Physical activity and heart rate are monitored for 7 days with wearable sensors. Functional tests include hearing, vision, muscle strength, reaction time, exercise tolerance, mobility, and cognitive performance. Clinical examination by a nurse and physician includes an electrocardiogram, tests of blood pressure, orthostatic regulation, arterial stiffness, and lung function, as well as a review of chronic and acute conditions and prescribed medications. C-reactive protein, small blood count, cholesterol and vitamin D are analyzed from blood samples. Associations of factors potentially underlying active aging and wellbeing will be studied using multivariate methods. Cohort effects will be studied by comparing test results of physical and cognitive functioning with results of a cohort examined in 1989–90. The current study will renew research on positive gerontology through the novel approach to active aging and by suggesting new biomarkers of resilience and active aging. Therefore, high interdisciplinary impact is expected. This cross-sectional study will not provide knowledge on temporal order of events or causality, but an innovative cross-sectional dataset provides opportunities for emergence of novel creative hypotheses and theories.

/pdf/active-aging-resilience-and-external-support-as-modifiers-of-2fu43lz5mv.pdf

Active aging – resilience and external support as modifiers of the disablement outcome: AGNES cohort study protocol

Part 1 The health context: a mirage of health lay logic patterns of health and illness among older people. Part 2 Experiencing health: understanding chronic illness and disability maintaining health with physical illness and functional disability maintaining health with psychological malaise. Part 3 Resources for health: health care and the management of health personal resources and social support a healthy future for old age.

[Review of: M. Sidell. Health in old age: myth, mystery and management]

Objectives. This study was designed (1) to estimate the prevalence of successful aging among nonagenarians based on six different models and (2) to investigate whether successful aging is associated with socio-demographic factors. Methods. A mailed survey was conducted with people aged 90+ in Tampere in 2010. Responses were received from 1283 people. The prevalence of successful aging was measured by six multidimensional models including physical, social, and psychological components. Age, sex, marital status, level of education, and place of living were studied as factors associated with successful aging. Results. The prevalence of successful aging varied from 1.6% to 18.3% depending on the model applied. Successful aging was more prevalent in men, and also more prevalent among community-living people. In most models, successful aging was also associated with younger age, being married, and a higher level of education. Discussion. Models which emphasize the absence of disease and activity as criteria for successful aging may not be the most relevant and applicable in oldest old. Instead, preference should be given to models that focus more on autonomy, adaptation and sense of purpose. Age-sensitive approaches would help us better understand the potential of successful aging among individuals who already have success in longevity.

/pdf/is-there-successful-aging-for-nonagenarians-the-vitality-90-1pnd14sxbx.pdf

Is There Successful Aging for Nonagenarians? The Vitality 90+ Study

Among nonagenarians, congruence between self-rated and proxy-rated health was low but both predicted mortality

Kaikkein vanhimpien terveyttä ja elämäntilannetta tunnetaan huonosti, vaikka he useissa maissa ovat nopeimmin kasvava väestöryhmä. Tervaskannot 90+ -hanke on vuodesta 1995 asti tutkinut yli 90-vuotiaiden tamperelaisten terveyttä, elämäntilannetta ja käsityksiä vanhuudesta. Hankkeen viimeisin, kuudes postikysely tehtiin vuonna 2010, jolloin kaikille ikäryhmään kuuluville postitettiin kyselylomake (N = 1606). Vastausprosentti oli 80. Tärkein tulos oli vanhoista vanhimpien ikäryhmän heterogeenisuus ja iän vaikutus terveyteen ja toimintakykyyn. Melkein jokaisella oli ainakin yksi pitkäaikainen sairaus ja joka toisella sairauksia oli ainakin kolme. Silti neljä kymmenestä liikkui itsenäisesti ulkonakin. Vajaa kolmannes oli sitä mieltä, että ihmisen on hyvä elää satavuotiaaksi. Naisilla oli huonompi toimintakyky kuin miehillä ja he asuivat useammin yksin. Asumistapa, toimintakyky, kuulo ja näkö olivat riippuvaisia iästä. Vanhemmat suhtautuivat satavuotiaaksi elämiseen positiivisemmin kuin nuoremmat. Kotona asuvista runsas neljännes sai apua joka päivä. Eniten apua antoivat lapset, puoliso ja muu perhe. Vanhoista vanhimpien tutkimiseen liittyy erityisiä haasteita. Koko väestöryhmää edustavien tietojen saaminen edellyttää yhteistyötä vanhuspalvelujen järjestäjien ja työntekijöiden sekä omaisten kanssa. Viitisenkymmentä vuotta sitten yli 90-vuotiaat olivat suuri harvinaisuus; nyt he ovat yhteiskuntapolitiikassa keskeinen väes töryhmä, jonka hyvän elämän turvaamisessa tutkimuksella on tärkeä tehtävä.

Vanhoista vanhimpien terveys ja elämäntilanne : tuloksia vuoden 2010 Tervaskannot 90+ -tutkimuksesta

Substantial growth of the population aged 90 years or over has focused interest on trends in the functioning and disability of the oldest old, but research findings are scarce and they vary. In the Vitality 90+ Study, we evaluated overall, gender-specific, and age-specific trends in disability among total cohorts of people aged 90 years or older in the city of Tampere, Finland, in the years 2001, 2003, and 2007. The size of the target population ranged from 1113 to 1146 and the participation rate from 79 to 86%. The participants were asked whether they were able to get in and out of bed, dress and undress, move about indoors, walk 400 m, and use stairs. Independence was defined as being able to perform an activity without help. The aggregate outcome measures included independence in all five activities, dependence in one to four activities, dependence in all five activities (severe dependence), and a disability score. In analyses taking into account the within subject associations which resulted due to those who participated in several years, and proxy respondents, no overall or gender-specific trend was found in any of the independence or dependence estimates. In each year, independence decreased clearly by increasing age. Our results imply stable disability levels in nonagenarians in a population with increasing life expectancy and improving survival until the age of 90. Longer-time series are needed to confirm the trends.

/pdf/disability-trends-among-nonagenarians-in-2001-2007-vitality-rdkoguhyn7.pdf

Disability trends among nonagenarians in 2001–2007: Vitality 90+ Study

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Is There Successful Aging for Nonagenarians? The Vitality 90+ Study

Among nonagenarians, congruence between self-rated and proxy-rated health was low but both predicted mortality

Vanhoista vanhimpien terveys ja elämäntilanne : tuloksia vuoden 2010 Tervaskannot 90+ -tutkimuksesta

Disability trends among nonagenarians in 2001–2007: Vitality 90+ Study