Tuula A. Nyman

TL;DR: An EV isolation protocol is optimized and the quantity and protein content of EVs induced by different agonists are compared and activation-dependent variations render the use of protein content in sample normalization invalid.

TL;DR: It is shown that HSV‐1 inhibits expression of type I IFN in human macrophages through ICP27‐dependent targeting of the TBK1‐activated STING signalsome.

TL;DR: Investigation of the cellular response of strain GG toward bile under defined bioreactor conditions revealed significant reduction in the abundance of a protein catalyzing the synthesis of exopolysaccharides, whereas a protein dedicated for active removal of bile compounds from the cells was up-regulated, suggesting a role for these proteins in facilitating the well founded interaction of strainGG with the host mucus in the presence of sublethal doses of biles.

TL;DR: The results suggest that L. rhamnosus GG modulates its pyruvate metabolism depending on the growth pH, and proteins participating in central cellular pathways were shown to be phosphorylated, and the phosphorylation of glycolytic enzymes was found to be especially extensive.