First report of Protoperidinium steinii (Dinophyceae) bloom from the coastal marine ecosystem – an observation from tropical Indian waters

Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) plays a major role in marine photochemical and biological processes and its optical properties are known to affect the underwater light penetration. This paper highlights in situ optical estimation and satellite retrieval of CDOM in deciphering its temporal variations in coastal waters of the South Eastern Arabian Sea. The study accentuated the source of CDOM as terrigenous origin during monsoon, of in situ productions during pre-monsoon and during post-monsoon of autochthonous-allocthonous origin. The matchup analysis for in situ and MODIS Aqua retrieved Adg 443 exhibited bias which decreased by incorporating the seasonal component. The study also identified degrading bloom of Noctiluca scintillans as the source for exceptionally high CDOM in the area during January and February. The study demands to incorporate seasonal components and phytoplankton abundance while assessing the performance of CDOM algorithms in optically complex coastal waters.

Assessing temporal variation of coloured dissolved organic matter in the coastal waters of South Eastern Arabian Sea

Dinoflagellates cyst assemblage concerning trophic index for eutrophication from major ports along the west coast of India.

The study aims to investigate the impact of tropical cyclone Sitrang on the phytoplankton community and water quality parameters at estuarine zone of Hooghly River near Namkhana region of Sundarban. Focusing on the response of diatom and dinoflagellates to this post-monsoonal cyclone this study tries to address the questions regarding short-term ecological effects, including changes in water quality, shifts in the phytoplankton composition and abundance, and the potential factors driving these changes. Water samples were collected for consecutive three days before and six days after the occurrence of the Sitrang in October 2022. A substantial drop in pH, DO, and temperature after the immediate passage of the cyclone along with increased salinity, chlorophyll-a content, inorganic macronutrients, and TDS were observed. The cyclone led to a significant reduction in phytoplankton diversity, while concurrently causing a notable increase in their abundance. Prior to the cyclone 45 species of diatoms and 8 species of dinoflagellates were observed which was reduced to 25 and 6 species after the cyclone. Post-cyclonic period exhibited high predominance of dinoflagellates especially Tripos sp., and Noctiluca scintillans (4.3×103 cells/L). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed nitrate and salinity are the major factors influencing phytoplankton abundance. The notable phenomenon of massive increase in the number of Tripos furca (2.04 ×104 cells/L) suggests their favourable growth condition triggered by the cyclone. Due to the rising intensity of cyclones in the Indian Sundarbans, close monitoring and continuing research is essential for a thorough understanding of phytoplankton dynamics.

Understanding the response of phytoplankton to the cyclonic event Sitrang A case study in the Hooghly estuary of Sundarban Bay of Bengal region

Dense and green-coloured patches were encountered on the sea surface waters of the Tuticorin coast on 22nd October 2022. Microscopic investigation revealed that the discoloration is caused by plankton, green Noctiluca scintillans. In order to find out the causes that trigger the bloom of N. scintillans, plankton samples were collected for 5 days in fourteen days duration from 22nd October to 4th November. During the peak bloom period, the abundance and biovolume of N. scintillans reached 1.56 × 104 cells/L and 21.8 × 1010μm3/L, respectively. The highest concentration (73.65 mg/m3) of chlorophyll-a was recorded during blooming period that was caused by Gonyaulax polygramma and endosymbiont, Pedinomonas noctilucae in N. scintillans. Formation of G. polygramma bloom is being reported for the first time in Tuticorin, southeast coast of India, with a species abundance of 36.9 × 104 cells/L. Present study concluded that besides the optimum hydrological conditions and eutrophic nature of the system, abundant prey (G. polygramma) facilitated the N. scintillans bloom. 

First report on the occurrence of Gonyaulax polygramma bloom during the onset of Noctiluca scintillans bloom along the Tuticorin coast, southeast coast of India.

The present paper reports on the phenomenon of pinkish-red discoloration of the nearshore water of Puri, Odisha on 12th May 2016. Many local newspapers covered this event, as Puri city is a major tourist and pilgrimage place on the east coast of India. Field observations were carried out in order to provide a scientific basis to the event and to elicit possible causes of this discoloration. Taxonomic analysis of the phytoplankton samples revealed the dominance of red colored dinoflagellate species Gonyaulax polygramma, contributing 90% to total phytoplankton population. The localized concentration of G. polygramma was responsible for the pinkish-red discoloration of nearshore water. The exact factor that lay behind the genesis of this bloom could not be delineated due to the short period of its persistence. But two factors - upwelling and anthropogenic nutrient influx - can be viewed as the main cause for this ephemeral bloom. Non-hypoxic conditions in the coastal water following the ephemeral bloom event indicated no significant risk of ecological deterioration to the ambient medium.

An Ephemeral Dinoflagellate Bloom during Summer Season in Nearshore Water of Puri, East Coast of India

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An Ephemeral Dinoflagellate Bloom during Summer Season in Nearshore Water of Puri, East Coast of India