Choroidal and retinal thickness in systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: A review.

Since its inception, the Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet Score (HALP) has gained attention as a new prognostic biomarker to predict several clinical outcomes in a multitude of cancers. In our review, we searched PubMed for articles between the first paper on HALP in 2015 through September 2022, yielding 32 studies in total that evaluated HALP's association with various cancers, including Gastric, Colorectal, Bladder, Prostate, Kidney, Esophageal, Pharyngeal, Lung, Breast, and Cervical cancers, among others. This review highlights the collective association HALP has with demographic factors such as age and sex in addition to TNM staging, grade, and tumor size. Furthermore, this review summarizes HALP's prognostic ability to predict overall survival, progression-free survival, recurrence-free survival, among other outcomes. In some studies, HALP has also been able to predict response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. This review article also aims to serve as a comprehensive and encyclopedic report on the literature that has evaluated HALP as a biomarker in various cancers, highlighting the heterogeneity surrounding HALP's utilization. Because HALP requires only a complete blood count and albumin - already routinely collected for cancer patients - HALP shows potential as a cost-effective biomarker to aid clinicians in improving outcomes for immuno-nutritionally deficient patients.

/pdf/what-is-hemoglobin-albumin-lymphocyte-platelet-halp-score-a-1njxlnnf.pdf

What is hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet (HALP) score? A comprehensive literature review of HALP’s prognostic ability in different cancer types

The Lavandula genus, belonging to the Lamiaceae, includes 39 species, with nearly 400 registered cultivars. Lavandula are worldwide plants that occur over the Mediterranean, Europe, North Africa, s...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1934578X1801301037

Plants of the genus Lavandula: From farm to pharmacy

In a recent experiment performed in mice and rats, researchers observed stress-induced analgesia which was accounted for by the olfactory perception of volatile testosterone evaporating from the axillae of male experimenters. This finding connects pain with olfaction (Box 1) at a behavioral level. Intersections of nociception and olfaction also occur, however, at other levels. For example, interaction at the molecular level accounts for a clinical phenotype of insensitivity to pain associated with a loss of the sense of smell, ie, anosmia, which both are caused by loss-offunction mutations in the Nav1.7 sodium channel gene SCN9A. 15

Smell of pain: intersection of nociception and olfaction.

Objective: Aromas may improve physiologic and cognitive function after stress, but associated mechanisms remain unknown. This study evaluated the effects of lavender aroma, which is commonly used for stress reduction, on physiologic and cognitive functions. The contribution of pharmacologic, hedonic, and expectancy-related mechanisms of the aromatherapy effects was evaluated. Methods: Ninety-two healthy adults (mean age, 58.0 years; 79.3% women) were randomly assigned to three aroma groups (lavender, perceptible placebo [coconut], and nonperceptible placebo [water] and to two prime subgroups (primed, with a suggestion of inhaling a powerful stress-reducing aroma, or no prime). Participants' performance on a battery of cognitive tests, physiologic responses, and subjective stress were evaluated at baseline and after exposure to a stress battery during which aromatherapy was present. Participants also rated the intensity and pleasantness of their assigned aroma. Results: Pharmacologic effects of la...

/pdf/aroma-effects-on-physiologic-and-cognitive-function-1k01myzz6k.pdf

Aroma Effects on Physiologic and Cognitive Function Following Acute Stress: A Mechanism Investigation.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationship between the HALP score (haemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet), the modified HALP (m-HALP) score, and prognosis in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute heart failure (AHF).


STUDY DESIGN
A Descriptive study.


PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
The Emergency Department of Balikesir University Hospital, Turkey, between January 2019 and September 2021.


METHODOLOGY
Patients diagnosed with AHF were divided into two groups, namely survivors and non-survivors. Both groups were compared in terms of HALP, m-HALP, PLT, NLR and PLR values ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate their diagnostic performances in discriminating between one-week and three-month mortality. Youden J index was used to obtain the optimal cut-off value.


RESULTS
The mean age of 101 patients included in the study was 73.15±10.19 years, with 51.5% (n=52) females, and 48.5% (n=49) males. The 1-week and 3-month mortality rates were 11.9% and 38.6%, respectively. For 1-week (p=0.018) and 3-month (p=0.006) mortality, platelet was significantly higher in the survivor group than in the non-survivor group. The m-HALP score and the NLR were found to be good predictors for 3-month mortality (p=0.002 and 0.016 respectively). The optimal cut-off values of m-HALP score, the platelet, and the NLR in predicting 3-month mortality were found as ≤1081723.5, ≤217, and >8.4. The area under curve (AUC) values were found as 0.687, 0.663, and 0.643, respectively. The sensitivity of the m-HALP score, the platelet, and the NLR were 76.92, 66.67, and 46.15, and the specificity values were 56.45, 67.74, and 79.03, respectively.


CONCLUSION
The m-HALP score was found to be a potential independent prognostic index for patients with AHF. The classical HALP score was not adequate to predict early and late prognosis. In addition, thrombocytopenia and increased NLR were associated with increased mortality in patients with AHF.


KEY WORDS
Acute heart failure (AHF), HALP score, m-HALP score, Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), Platelet (PLT).

/pdf/the-efficiency-of-the-halp-score-and-the-modified-halp-score-1dj9tkmx.pdf

The Efficiency of the HALP Score and the Modified HALP Score in Predicting Mortality in Patients with Acute Heart Failure Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Aim: There are many difficulties in providing palliative care in the emergency department (ED). However, emergency physicians have to be qualified in palliative care. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of palliative care patients admitted to the ED and to determine the current state of such patients in the ED. Materials and Methods: The study included 153 terminal-stage cancer patients who needed palliative care and were admitted to the ED over a period of a year. The demographic characteristics, complaints, time duration in the ED, and characteristics of multiple admissions to the ED were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 69±3 years and the male/female ratio was 1.3. The most common complaint was nausea-vomiting (37%), followed by pain (32%). Lung cancer was the most common cancer type. Furthermore, 47.7% of the patients had multiple admissions to the ED. The hospitalization rate decreased as the number of admissions increased. Conclusion: EDs play an important role in the management of palliative care patients. The importance of palliative care should be emphasized to increase emergency physicians’ knowledge, experience, and skills about providing proper care to these patients. (JAEM 2015; 14: 12-5)

Evaluation of Terminal-Stage Cancer Patients Needing Palliative Care in the Emergency Department

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and retinal ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) in adult-onset familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). Forty two adult-onset FMF patients and forty two healthy controls were included in the present study. Detailed ocular examination was performed, and then the thickness of the peripapillary RNFL and GCIPL was measured by Spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The patients were divided into two groups according to their disease severity score, M694V gene mutation, colchicine dosage used per day, colchicine usage time period and number of FMF attacks per year. There were no statistically significant differences in peripapillary RNFL and retinal GCIPL thickness in patients with adult-onset FMF and controls. According to our study, it looks like that neither adult-onset FMF nor colchicine has any effect on the RNFL and GCIPL thicknesses. Further studies with a large sample size are needed.

Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness in adult-onset familial Mediterranean fever

Objective: Stroke is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and has an increasing trend in the emergency department. It has become crucial to treat ischemic stroke with thrombolytic therapy. We reviewed the findings of the initial examinations, arrival times, clinical and demographic characteristics of stroke patients in our emergency department. Material and Methods: One hundred forty-seven stroke patients who registered at the emergency department within the first 24 hours were included in this study. Parameters, such as stroke type, age, gender, medical history, arrival complaints, application time, hospitalization department, and time, were recorded. Results: Patients’ mean age was 66.01±13.07 years (ischemic stroke: 85.7%, hemorrhagic stroke: 14.3%). No significant difference was observed between the ages, arrival complaints, and stroke types. The main risk factor was hypertension. While ischemic stroke patients were typically brought in the morning time, the hemorrhagic stroke patients were brought in the afternoon. While the common complaint of ischemic stroke patients was hemiparesis/plegia, hemorrhagic stroke patients mostly complained of impairment/loss of consciousness. Conclusion: The majority of stroke patients came with numerous clinical hallmarks that help in the diagnosis. Since early medical intervention is life-saving, evaluation of these clinical clues of the patient in a short time is the key to lifesaving treatment. (JAEM 2014; 13: 135-8)

Clinical and Demographic Properties of the Acute Stroke Patients Admitted to Emergency Department of a Tertiary Referral Center

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) values can be used as a prediction for their relationship with stroke volume (SV) and for in-hospital mortality in stroke patients in Emergency Department (ED).


STUDY DESIGN
Analytical study.


PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
Balikesir University, Turkey from 24/03/2021 to 30/06/2021.


METHODOLOGY
Patients aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with stroke in ED, were included in the study. Stroke volumes were calculated from diffusion-weighted images (DWi) with 3D slicer software using image-based semi-automatic and manual segmentation methods.


RESULTS
Of the 265 patients, 128 (48.3%) were males. SV was significantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group (p=0.007). NLR was significantly higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group (p=0.018).


CONCLUSION
The ratios of NLR and SV stand out as practical parameters for the estimation of mortality, prognosis, and management of patients diagnosed with acute stroke. Taking into account, these parameters in the diagnosis process and prognosis management in EDs will provide convenience. Key Words: Ischemia, NLR, Stroke volume, Cerebrovasular accident, Prognosis.

/pdf/the-relationship-of-ldh-and-hematological-parameters-with-2ypoaqcq.pdf

The Relationship of LDH and Hematological Parameters with Ischemic Volume and Prognosis in Cerebrovascular Disease.

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