Public Space와 인간공학

/pdf/behaviour-in-public-open-spaces-a-systematic-review-of-15gf0vdj.pdf

Behaviour in public open spaces: A systematic review of studies with quantitative research methods

In winter cities, outdoor seasons are highly valued due to the long cold winter. By improving the outdoor thermal environment during marginal seasons, outdoor seasons may be extended. Therefore, outdoor thermal comfort and adaptive behaviors during marginal seasons should be considered. Three representative residential public open spaces in Harbin, a typical winter city, were selected to conduct an empirical study. Meteorological measurements and rudimentary questionnaires were administered and observations were conducted to explore outdoor thermal comfort and adaptive behaviors. Three important conclusions were obtained from the survey. The result from the questionnaire surveys showed that users of public spaces generally believed that “warm” was comfortable during the spring marginal season of the winter cities. The 90% thermal acceptable physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) range, which was calculated using meteorological measurements and questionnaire results, was more than 10.2 °C for this time period in the winter cities. This threshold value was much lower than that of temperate and subtropical zones, indicating that the outdoor thermal comfort of users in the winter cities had regional characteristics. Moreover, users engaged in static vs. dynamic activities showed different sensitivities to thermal environments. The users’ location selection showed a strong dependence on microclimate rather than on the activity-supported facilities; when microclimate conditions changed, users made accommodations by moving to sunny areas or performing other adaptive behaviors, and thus, space utilization changed. These findings can inform thermal comfort-oriented planning and design from the perspectives of microclimate regulations, site planning, and activities in the residential public open spaces of winter cities.

Outdoor thermal comfort and adaptive behaviors in the residential public open spaces of winter cities during the marginal season

Toward Green Equity: An Extensive Study on Urban Form and Green Space Equity for Shrinking Cities

The irregular shape of buildings always tenders an enormous challenge to the designers. The wind velocity at the pedestrian level has a specific approach from a comfortable point of view. This investigation highlighted the characteristic of the pedestrian level wind velocity for distinct types of asymmetrical setback buildings. The passed study explored the pedestrian level effect for the axisymmetric models, while this study is based on the models that have symmetry about a single axis. This study investigates the pedestrian level flow fluctuation of setback models with single and double side setbacks at multiple levels. The double-side double setback buildings are efficient to reduce 28%–30% velocity in front of the building and 68%–70% velocity behind the building. Finally it suggests that the double side double setback building is efficient to maintain the velocity at the pedestrian level, roof level, and backside of the building. The setback building can easily control the frequency of fluctuating velocity at downstream flow for both along and across wind conditions.

Wind environment around the setback building models

Impacts of the temporary urban design on the people's behavior - The case study on the winter city Khabarovsk, Russia

Urban design principles in many Chinese cities are similar to each other without considering regional climate variation. Especially in winter cities, without climate responsive urban design princip...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3130/jaabe.9.355

Development of Urban Design Guidelines with Wind Tunnel Simulations for Downtown Districts in Winter Cities:- New Urban Design Approaches for Cold Region Cities-

It is important to clarify how to apply urban design principles to protect areas within winter climates. Therefore, a question is addressed that do the blocks after infill developments provide desi...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3130/jaabe.3.335

Efficiencies of Infill Developments against Snow Problem in Winter Cities

The development of future city images based on the citizen's demands for intensive compact cities

Regional cities in Japan are facing a decline in the downtown area owing to urban expansion and a decrease in the population. Promoting downtown living is indispensable for the realization of downtown revitalization. Since many coastal cities originally developed outward from a port, their downtown areas are located near the coast and are at high risk of tsunamis. The purpose of this research is to reveal the effectiveness of dealing with the above two issues in parallel by evaluating the Deae-ru Saiwai estate, a public housing relocation project in downtown Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan that incorporates a tsunami evacuation facility with questionnaires and a GIS survey. Placing public housing in the downtown area shortens the distance to public facilities and improves the convenience of the surrounding environment for many residents. Installing the tsunami evacuation facility improves the feeling of reassurance of residents who would feel anxiety about immigration with regards to tsunamis. This research has clarified the synergistic effect of dealing with the daily and emergency issues in parallel for promoting downtown living. Planning downtown revitalization and disaster prevention concurrently, which has been separated so far, is a fundamental planning approach for urban revitalization in regional coastal cities.

/pdf/sustainable-downtown-development-for-the-tsunami-prepared-y4z01xp7lh.pdf

Sustainable Downtown Development for the Tsunami-Prepared Urban Revitalization of Regional Coastal Cities

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