Abstract Background The underrepresentation of scholarly works from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in academic literature is a documented concern, attributed partly to editorial biases. This trend, prevalent across various disciplines, has been less explored in the context of medical ethics journals. This study aimed to examine the composition of editorial board members (EBM) in high-impact medical ethics journals and to evaluate the extent of international diversity within these editorial teams. Methods This study incorporated an analysis of 16 high-impact medical ethics journals. Information regarding the EBM of these journals was systematically gathered and categorized based on the World Bank’s country income classifications. An in-depth examination of the editorial board compositions was then conducted. Results The study identified 669 EBM across the selected journals. A predominant 89.84% (601) of these members were from high-income countries (HICs), with upper-middle-income countries contributing 7.47% (50) and lower-middle-income countries 2.69% (18). No EBM were associated with low-income countries. A regional breakdown indicated that North America was the most represented area, accounting for 48.88% (327), followed by Europe &amp; Central Asia (27.50%, 184), East Asia &amp; Pacific (13.45%, 90), Latin America &amp; Caribbean (4.63%, 31), Sub-Saharan Africa (4.19%, 28), Middle East &amp; North Africa (0.75%, 5), and South Asia (0.60%, 4). In total, these EBMs hailed from 46 different countries, with the United States representing the largest proportion (43.80%, 293), followed by the United Kingdom (13.15%, 88), Australia (7.92%, 53), Germany (6.73%, 45), and Canada (5.08%, 34). Conclusions There is a significant lack of international representation within the EBM of high-impact medical ethics journals. The majority of editors in this field are affiliated with HICs, leading to a severe underrepresentation of LMICs within the editorial boards. 

Analyzing the composition of the editorial boards in high-impact medical ethics journals: a survey study

pdf/an-insight-toward-better-of-blood-services-bioethical-review-38sdsqyn5l.pdf

An Insight Toward Better of Blood Services; Bioethical Review

Background and Objectives: Restrictions on daily activities to slow down the propagation of COVID-19 have changed the epidemiological pattern of pediatric fractures in many countries. However, the effect of the pandemic on pediatric fractures has not been fully studied. In this study, we investigated the impact of COVID-19 on early adolescent fractures in Korea. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective follow-up on a nationwide cohort of Korean early adolescents born between 2006 and 2009. The prevalence and incidence of pediatric fractures and the frequency of surgical treatment were compared between two different eras. Results: The prevalence and incidence of fractures during the pandemic have both shown a significant decrease: prevalence reduced from 34,626 to 24,789 (p < 0.001), while incidence decreased from 29,804 to 18,898 (p < 0.001). Considering sex, the shift in fracture prevalence was statistically significant (p = 0.020), whereas the incidence was not (p = 0.862). The decline in both fracture prevalence and incidence exhibited significant variation across birth year groups (prevalence, p < 0.001; incidence, p < 0.001), with a more pronounced reduction observed in the older age groups. While the proportion of patients who required surgeries has increased, the mean frequency of surgical treatment per patient remained at a similar level (by prevalence, p = 0.181; by incidence, p = 0.735). The decline in both fracture prevalence and incidence has shown significant variation in relation to fracture sites (prevalence, p < 0.001; incidence, p < 0.001), with a decrease in distal limb fractures and an increase in forearm and axial body fractures. Conclusions: The pediatric fracture pattern in Korea has been notably influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting further investigation into causal factors. Our findings should help predict epidemiology in the post-pandemic period and thus aid policymaking and patient management.

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Adolescent Fractures in the Republic of Korea

pdf/ethics-in-orthopaedic-surgery-practice-balancing-patient-2toecwm16tom.pdf

Ethics in orthopaedic surgery practice: balancing patient care and technological advances

Orthopaedic surgeons may wonder what preparation and recuperation would be like during pandemics. We are concerned about the patient's safety during the operation. All surgical centres have received instructions to discontinue all elective surgery operations, although urgent surgical cases are still being carried out. This procedure should not be delayed in orthopaedic issues such as fracture repositioning surgery, as the unionization process is ongoing.We gather review articles from a variety of sources. The keywords "Ethics," "COVID-19," "Elective Surgery," and "Orthopedic Surgery" were used to filter the documents. We found 863 documents and then set the criteria for including documents that we thought eligible for review articles, such as research journals and newspaper pieces from reliable sources, resulting in the discovery of 40 papers that met our requirements.We will discuss four basic principles of medical ethics: beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. Orthopaedic surgeons will face many decisions that will challenge these ethical principles, especially in performing elective surgery during a pandemic.Physicians must protect the most vulnerable, but they are under no obligation to administer treatment they believe to be ineffective. In individuals who are positive for COVID-19, orthopaedic surgical procedures have a significant mortality rate. Surgical leaders must remain attentive, and surgical services must be reintroduced gradually and carefully. A good option is to carry out treatment at a different place and time and ensure that the patient has tested negative for COVID-19 before the procedure, thereby creating safety for patients and health workers. 

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103845

A medical ethics review of elective orthopaedic surgery management during the pandemic COVID-19 Era

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A medical ethics review of elective orthopaedic surgery management during the pandemic COVID-19 Era