Privileged scaffolds as MAO inhibitors: Retrospect and prospects.

New Horizons in Insect Science: Towards Sustainable Pest Management

The present paper provides a checklist of the flower bug families Anthocoridae and Lasiochilidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of India based on literature and newly collected specimens including eleven new records. The Indian fauna of flower bugs is represented by 73 species belonging to 26 genera under eight tribes of two families. Generic transfers of Blaptostethus pluto (Distant, 1910) comb. nov. (from Triphleps pluto Distant, 1910) and Dilasia indica (Muraleedharan, 1978) comb. nov. (from Lasiochilus indica Muraleedharan, 1978) are provided. A lectotype is designated for Blaptostethus pluto. Previous, as well as new, distributional data and bibliographical references for each taxon are included. The following 11 species are recorded from India for the first time: Amphiareus ruficollaris Yamada & Hirowatari, 2003 (Tamil Nadu); Anthocoris dimorphus Zheng, 1984 (Himachal Pradesh); Bilia burma Yasunaga & Yamada, 2016 (Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka); Cardiastethus kathmandu Yamada, 2016 (Uttarakhand); Lippomanus brevicornis Yamada & Hirowatari, 2004 (Karnataka, Mizoram, Tripura); Montandoniola bellatula Yamada, 2007 (Karnataka); Physopleurella armata Poppius, 1909 (Karnataka); P. flava Carayon, 1958 (Karnataka); P. pessoni Carayon, 1956 (Tamil Nadu); Rajburicoris stysi Carpintero & Dellape, 2008 (Tamil Nadu); and Xylocoris (Proxylocoris) cerealis Yamada & Yasunaga, 2006 (Karnataka). The paper provides synthesis of the regional taxonomical work carried out until now, along with biological notes (habitats, prey types, etc.). The paper will serve as baseline data for future studies on Anthocoridae and Lasiochilidae.

/pdf/annotated-catalogue-of-the-flower-bugs-from-india-kkc9uu26g2.pdf

Annotated catalogue of the flower bugs from India (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae)

In the five membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic family, pyrazoline could be recognized as a promising scaffold for the inhibition of Monoamine oxidase. Substitution at 1, 3 and 5-position of the pyrazoline nucleus displayed a significant activity towards MAO in the past 15 years. Our study identified the detailed structure activity relationship, the structural requirement for enzyme interaction and the effect of chirality on the pyrazoline nucleus towards MAO-A and MAO-B. We propose that the selectivity of pyrazoline nucleus towards MAO isoenzyme depends up on the bulkiness of the ring in the 1 and 3 position of the scaffold. The current review revealed that the derivatives of pyrazolines have proven to be versatile pharmacophores for the inhibition of MAO on the basis of existing literatures between (1998-2013).

Pyrazoline: a promising scaffold for the inhibition of monoamine oxidase.

In this study, we have amalgamated computational methodologies, viz. Petra, Osiris and Molinspiration (POM) to identify pharmacophores and antipharmacophores for antibacterial/antiviral activities of some 2-pyrazolines derivatives. Lipophilicity and the presence of tautomerism process are the major factors that govern the orientation to antibacterial and/or antiviral activity. On other hand, it was observed that these compounds have two different active sites and can inhibit both antiviral and antibacterial strains. Further, we have carried out receptor-based electrostatic analysis to confirm the electronic, steric and hydrophobic requirements for future modifications. The analyses provide substantial idea about the structural features responsible for their combined antibacterial/antiviral activity and provide guidelines for further modifications, with the aim of improving the activity and selectivity of designed drugs targeting HIV and tuberculosis microorganisms. The speculative assertions presented in many papers published in many reputed journals are meaningless. Most of the authors discuss of the antiviral activity compared to the antibacterial activity. There authors seem to consider that there is only one tautomeric form taking one mechanism of action for both antiviral and antibacterial activities. This is false; here, we clarify things on the basis of POM analyses.

Tautomeric origin of dual effects of N1-nicotinoyl-3-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methyl phenyl)-5-[(sub)phenyl]-2-pyrazolines on bacterial and viral strains: POM analyses as new efficient bioinformatics’ platform to predict and optimize bioactivity of drugs

Substituted 1,5-diaryl-3(4-chlorophenyl)-delta 2-pyrazolines were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity. Most pyrazolines (100 mg/kg) provided 20-80% protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice. All compounds inhibited rat brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and exhibited low toxicity as reflected by approximate LD50 values (500 to greater than 1000 mg/kg) in mice.

Inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase by anticonvulsant pyrazolines.

Biology and feeding potential of an anthocorid predator, Blaptostethus pallescens Pop pius were studied on the eggs of alternate host, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton). Approximately 100 UV irradiated C. cephalonica eggs are required for rearing one nymph throughout its nymphal period of about 16 days (4-11 eggs per day) and 630 eggs for an adult throughout its longevity (3-19 eggs per day). Adult females had a greater feeding potential (943 eggs per adult) in comparison to males (381 eggs per adult). Utilising 9cc of C. cephalonica eggs , 1000 B. pallescens could be produced. The lab-reared adults had a very high longevity (38- 78 days) and fecundity (110-203 nymphs/female), indicating the suitability of C. cephalonica eggs for mass production.

/pdf/biology-and-rearing-requirements-of-an-anthocorid-predator-12fcg6s3nd.pdf

Biology and rearing requirements of an anthocorid predator, Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae)

Optical, dielectric and photocatalytic properties of ZnO, ZnSe, and ZnO/ZnSe photocatalyst

Feasibility of mass multiplication and utilization of Cardiastethus exiguus Poppius, a potential anthocorid predator of Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae).

Biology and feeding potential of an anthocorid predator. Onus tantillus (Motsch.) were studied under laboratory conditions using UV irradiated eggs of alternate host, Angoumois grain moth Sitotroga cerealella. (O1.). The mean incubation period was five days. Four nymphal instars were recorded and the total nymphal duration was 16.7 days. Longevity of adult male and female was 23.4 and 27 days, respectively. Mean fecundity per female was 33 eggs. Mean nymphal feeding was 43.8 S. cerealella eggs, while adult male and female fed on a total of 94.5 and 122.3 eggs, respectively. Considering the cost of host eggs alone, the cost of producing 100 O. tantillus nymphs was Re. 0.82 and that of 100 adults Rs. 4.67. This study indicates the suitability of S. cerealella eggs for mass rearing O. tantillus. Morphological characters for differentiating the sex of adults and morphometries of all stages have been studied.

Biology and Feeding Potential of an Anthocorid Predator, Orius tantillus (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) on Sitotroga cerealella

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