Tropical forests are highly diverse systems involving extraordinary numbers of interactions between species, with each species responding in a different way to the abiotic environment Understanding how these systems function and predicting how they respond to anthropogenic global change is extremely challenging We argue for the necessity of 'whole-ecosystem' experimental manipulations, in which the entire ecosystem is targeted, either to reveal the functioning of the system in its natural state or to understand responses to anthropogenic impacts We survey the current range of whole-ecosystem manipulations, which include those targeting weather and climate, nutrients, biotic interactions, human impacts, and habitat restoration Finally we describe the unique challenges and opportunities presented by such projects and suggest directions for future experiments

/pdf/whole-ecosystem-experimental-manipulations-of-tropical-24giit736p.pdf

Whole-ecosystem experimental manipulations of tropical forests

Supervised logging and climber cutting improves stand development: 18 years of post-logging data in a tropical rain forest in Borneo

Stand development after two modes of selective logging and pre-felling climber cutting in a dipterocarp rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia

Using linear mixed models to evaluate stand level growth rates for dipterocarps and Macaranga species following two selective logging methods in Sabah, Borneo

The first chapter described how large amounts of deforestation and degradation have occurred in tropical forests across the Asia-Pacific region and how this is threatening biodiversity, while still leaving many people poor. This discussion ­covered the problem from a global and regional perspective but did not explore the reasons why these changes are occurring. Why should societies destroy their forests for what are sometimes only modest benefits? And why should different countries repeat the mistakes made previously by others? Is there no capacity to learn from neighbours or from history? This chapter considers the processes underlying ­deforestation and degradation in a little more detail. If we can understand why degradation has occurred, we might be in a better position to prevent it and to ­overcome it where it has already occurred.

Forest and Land Degradation in the Asia-Pacific Region

Initial impact of supervised logging and pre-logging climber cutting compared with conventional logging in a dipterocarp rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia

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Initial impact of supervised logging and pre-logging climber cutting compared with conventional logging in a dipterocarp rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia