Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acid alkyl esters

An overview of new approaches to deep desulfurization for ultra-clean gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel

Progress in biofuel production from gasification

The diesel engine is the most efficient prime mover commonly available today. Diesel engines move a large portion of the world's goods, power much of the world's equipment, and generate electricity more economically than any other device in their size range. But the diesel is one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution problems worldwide, and will remain so, with large increases expected in vehicle population and vehicle miles traveled (VMT) causing ever-increasing global emissions. Diesel emissions contribute to the development of cancer; cardiovascular and respiratory health effects; pollution of air, water, and soil; soiling; reductions in visibility; and global climate change. Where instituted, control programs have been effective in reducing diesel fleet emissions. Fuel changes, such as reduced sulfur and aromatics content, have resulted in immediate improvements across the entire diesel on- and off-road fleet, and promise more improvements with future control. In the United States, for example, 49-state (non-California) off-road diesel fuel sulfur content is 10 times higher than that of national on-road diesel fuel. Significantly reducing this sulfur content would reduce secondary particulate matter (PM) formation and allow the use of control technologies that have proven effective in the on-road arena. The use of essentially zero-sulfur fuels, such as natural gas, in heavy-duty applications is also expected to continue. Technology changes, such as engine modifications, exhaust gas recirculation, and catalytic aftertreatment, take longer to fully implement, due to slow fleet turnover. However, they eventually result in significant emission reductions and will be continued on an ever-widening basis in the United States and worldwide. New technologies, such as hybrids and fuel cells, show significant promise in reducing emissions from sources currently dominated by diesel use. Lastly, the turnover of trucks and especially off-road equipment is slow; pollution control agencies need to address existing emissions with in-use programs, such as exhaust trap retrofits and smoke inspections. Such a program is underway in California. These and other steps that can be continued and improved will allow the use of the diesel engine, with its superior fuel consumption, to continue to benefit society while greatly reducing its negative environmental and health impacts. The next ten years can and must become the "Decade of Clean Diesel."

https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/03/f9/2002_deer_lloyd.pdf

Diesel engines: environmental impact and control.

Evaluating automobile fuel/propulsion system technologies

The first edition of this best-selling, widely-used book was published as the Automotive Fuels Handbook in 1990. Since that time, significant progress has been made in fuels technology, and major changes in the industry have occurred. Some of these changes include the wider introduction of reformulated fuels, the introduction of new additives for primary and secondary treatment of diesel fuels, and the increase in legislation related to exhaust emissions control.

Automotive Fuels Reference Book

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Automotive Fuels Reference Book