This report presents information on the characterization of cementitiously stabilized layers and the properties that influence pavement performance. It also contains recommended performance-related procedures for characterizing these layers and performance-prediction models for incorporation into the mechanistic–empirical pavement analysis methods. Individual chapters highlight pavement distresses of hot-mix asphalt pavements and concrete pavements, laboratory tests and model development, and model calibration. The material contained in the report will be of immediate interest to state materials, pavement, and construction engineers and others involved in the different aspects of pavement design and construction.

Characterization of Cementitiously Stabilized Layers for Use in Pavement Design and Analysis

: In support of the U.S. Air Force Air Combat Command, the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) was tasked to develop and test innovative techniques, materials, and equipment for expedient and sustainment repairs of small bomb craters in airfield pavements. This airfield damage repair (ADR) investigation consisted of laboratory testing of selected crater fill and capping materials, as well as full-scale field testing of small crater repairs to evaluate field mixing methods, installation procedures, and repair performance. After 3 hr of cure, each crater was trafficked under controlled traffic conditions to determine the ability of the repairs to support the gross load of an F-15E aircraft. Results of the traffic tests identified multiple repair materials that can be used for expedient and sustainment repairs of concrete airfield pavements. Both the laboratory and full-scale traffic tests were conducted at the ERDC in Vicksburg, MS, from February to November 2006. Experimental results were used to develop ADR criteria for rapidly repairing small craters.

/pdf/laboratory-and-field-investigations-of-small-crater-repair-4kqhogtajr.pdf

Laboratory and Field Investigations of Small Crater Repair Technologies

: Numerous commercial-off-the-shelf products are available for small surface repairs in portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements that provide short set times, high early strengths, and durability to withstand heavy loads. Investigations of pavement repair materials conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) in Vicksburg, MS, and other test organizations examined cementitious rapid-setting repair materials for repair of PCC pavements through laboratory and field characterization. Standard laboratory tests were performed to characterize the material properties over time and to provide a mechanism for assessing the material suitability for field repairs. Numerous repairs were constructed and evaluated under controlled traffic conditions to determine the ability of the repairs to support aircraft traffic after a mini-mum curing period. A laboratory protocol was developed for selection of cementitious, rapid-setting repair materials based on the laboratory and full-scale test results. This protocol originally developed in 2006, aided airfield managers and repair teams by reducing the potential for selection of materials that were likely to perform poorly. Changes to the protocol were made based on a review of material properties and field performance of materials tested at ERDC and other test agencies to improve the process of selecting materials based on repair type and size.

/pdf/development-of-laboratory-testing-criteria-for-evaluating-qpdr3c41gg.pdf

Development of Laboratory Testing Criteria for Evaluating Cementitious, Rapid-Setting Pavement Repair Materials

This article discusses the strength and water stability of fiber-reinforced cemented loess (FRCL). The unconfined compressive tests, the anti-erosion tests and the Cantabro tests were performed for soaked and non-soaked specimens. The aforementioned specimens were made by mixing of loess with different cement and fiber ratios. Results indicate that the mixing of cement and fiber significantly improve the strength and the water stability of samples. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of samples increases with the increase of cement content. The UCS first increases and thereafter decreases with the increase of fiber content; the optimum content of fiber ranges between 0.3% and 0.45%. The total erosion mass and the erosion rate of samples were decreased by increasing the cement and fiber contents. It is pertinent to note that: (1) the anti-erosion performance of the fiber-reinforced soil was approximately 26–75% higher than that of the cemented soil, and (2) the improvement of UCS was beneficial to th...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/155892501801300109

Strength and Water Stability of a Fiber-reinforced Cemented Loess:

Saponification and scaling in ordinary concrete exposed to hydrocarbon fluids and high temperature at military airbases

: This report describes the demonstration of technologies and procedures developed under the Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) program at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center in Vicksburg, MS. The successful demonstration project occurred in Australia in June 2007. The JRAC demonstration project was conducted as an integral part of Exercise Talisman Saber 2007, a U.S. and Australian combined and joint forces military exercise. The project included the construction of a 4,100 by 110 ft (1,250- by 33.5-m) unsurfaced runway and two 45,480-ft2 (4,225-m2) aircraft parking aprons with associated connector taxiways, all using JRAC technologies focused on rapid construction with reduced logistics and increased system reliability. This demonstration marked the successful conclusion of the 6-year research and development phase of the JRAC program.

/pdf/joint-rapid-airfield-construction-jrac-2007-technology-3fblj3j0bj.pdf

Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) 2007 technology demonstration

: The U.S. military must have the ability to rapidly deploy troops and equipment anywhere in the world as part of a contingency operation. Recent military operations have highlighted the critical need for rapid repair procedures and materials for military use on substandard, in-theater airfields. The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center is currently addressing these problems through a 6-year demonstration-based research and development program called JRAC (Joint Rapid Airfield Construction). This study involves the development of a method using rapid setting grouts and recycled concrete pavement (RCP) to repair portland cement concrete pavements. A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate material properties in order to gain an understanding of expected field performance. Eight full scale repairs were constructed using two rapid setting grouts, two types of equipment, and two concrete slabs. The repairs were successfully trafficked with simulated C-17 aircraft wheel loads to verify the structural capacity and, ultimately, the procedures.

Grout Impregnation of Pre-Placed Recycled Concrete Pavement (RCP) for Rapid Repair of Deteriorated Portland Cement Concrete Airfield Pavement

This investigation was conducted to formalize a quality assurance (QA) process for rapid airfield construction. The specific aspects of QA that were addressed included compaction operations and the assessment of strength for both soil and stabilized soil layers. The QA for compaction relies on the construction of a test section for determining optimum number of compaction coverages and target soil properties. The essential pieces of equipment for the compaction QA process include a microwave oven, a Clegg hammer, and tools necessary to conduct a volume-replacement density test for in-place soil. This density test, which was developed during this investigation, involves the use of steel shot as the volume replacement material. The use of steel shot, instead of a conventional sand cone apparatus, was found to make the test both simpler and quicker. The Clegg hammer results are the primary means of judging compaction; thus, the requirements for density tests are minimized through a stepwise acceptance procedure. Statistical criteria for evaluating Clegg hammer and density measurements are also included herein. For estimating soil strength in terms of California bearing ratio, the conventional use of the dual-mass dynamic cone penetrometer is recommended. For estimating the strength of cement-stabilized soil and cement plus fiber-stabilized soil, a correlation between Clegg hammer results and unconfined compressive strength was developed.

Quality Assurance for Rapid Airfield Construction

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Joint Rapid Airfield Construction (JRAC) 2007 technology demonstration

Grout Impregnation of Pre-Placed Recycled Concrete Pavement (RCP) for Rapid Repair of Deteriorated Portland Cement Concrete Airfield Pavement

Quality Assurance for Rapid Airfield Construction