The purification and concentration of viruses by aqueous polymer phase systems

The structure of the DNA of bacteriophage φX174: I. The action of exopolynucleotidases

Fenneropenaeus indicus could be protected from white spot disease (WSD) caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) using a formalin-inactivated viral preparation (IVP) derived from WSSV-infected shrimp tissue. The lowest test quantity of lyophilized IVP coated onto feed at 0.025 g(-1) (dry weight) and administered at a rate of 0.035 g feed g(-1) body weight d(-1) for 7 consecutive days was sufficient to provide protection from WSD for a short period (10 d after cessation of IVP administration). Shrimp that survived challenges on the 5th and 10th days after cessation of IVP administration survived repeated challenges although they were sometimes positive for the presence of WSSV by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay specific for WSSV. These results suggest that F. indicus can be protected from WSD by simple oral administration of IVP.

/pdf/fenneropenaeus-indicus-is-protected-from-white-spot-disease-ox4a90cj2i.pdf

Fenneropenaeus indicus is protected from white spot disease by oral administration of inactivated white spot syndrome virus

Rabbits injected intravenously with a single high dose of poliovirus (type 1) produced two major 19S and two 75 type neutralizing antibody populations, with different electrophoretic mobilities. The first 2 to 2½ days after immunization the antibody was of the 19S type and migrated as a single component in the β-region. In contrast, the major 19S antibody synthesized from day 3 on was a γ1-globulin. 7S type antibody, appearing on day 4, was contained only in the γ1-region, while 10 to 14 days following immunization the 7S antibody was associated with both γ1- and γ2-globulins. The electrophoretic distribution of antibody in 2-week sera revealed the presence of at least four antibody populations (19S β, 19S γ1, 7S γ1, and 7S γ2). Serum samples collected 1 or 2 weeks following antigenic stimulation often contained small amounts of antibody which sedimented at a rate (11S to 15S) intermediate to that of 7S and 19S antibodies. The neutralizing activity of the 19S type antibodies and the intermediately sedimenting antibody was destroyed by incubation with 0.1 M (5 days) or 0.2 M (1 day) 2-mercaptoethanol at 3°C. The 7S antibody activity was un-affected by treatment with from 0.1 to 0.8 M mercaptan.

/pdf/the-formation-and-properties-of-poliovirus-neutralizing-4zhkoyfqhj.pdf

The formation and properties of poliovirus-neutralizing antibody. iii. sequential changes in electrophoretic mobility of 19s and 7s antibodies synthesized by rabbits after a single virus injection.

Although formaldehyde has long been used for rendering toxic or infectious agents innocuous for immunizing purposes, the considerations involved in its use in this way are perhaps best illustrated in the preparation of poliovirus vaccine. That formaldehyde destroys the infectivity of poliovirus, allowing retention of antigenic activity, had been demonstrated by a number of investigators working with virus contained in suspensions of animal central nervous system (CNS) tissue.' When relatively cleaner virus-containing fluids became available from tissue cultures, and it had been shown that experimental vaccines could be prepared therefrom, the judgment that was then required concerned two simple questions: (1) How much formaldehyde should be used? (2) How long should formaldehyde be applied for reliable destruction of infectivity with the least loss of antigenic activity? The way in which answers to these questions have evolved constitutes, in part, the subject of this paper.

A review of theoretical, experimental, and practical considerations in the use of formaldehyde for the inactivation of poliovirus.

The course of inactivation of poliomyelitis virus by formaldehyde at 25° C was studied on tissue culture material treated by filtration through sintered glass filters. The inactivation curves deviated significantly from that of a chemical reaction of the first order.

Inactivation of poliomyelitis virus by formaldehyde.

The guinea pig, although apparently resistant to poliomyelitis virus infection, responds to inoculation of living or formol inactivated virus with the formation of neutralizing antibodies. The strenght of the reaction seems to be independent of whether the virus is active or not and, thus, correlated to the administered amount of antigen only. Determination of the minimal amount necessary to elicit antibody formation (extinction limit titration) seems to be a reliable method for assay of immunogenic capacity.

The use of guinea pigs in tests for immunogenic capacity of poliomyelitis virus preparations.

The distribution of animal viruses in liquid two-phase systems was studied by using Vaccinia, Parotitis, Newcastle, Influenza, Adeno and Echo 7 and 18 viruses and twophase systems of dextran-methylcellulose-water or dextranpolyethylene glycol-water.

[Concentration of animal viruses using two-phase systems of aqueous polymer solutions].

In five different regions of the country 5460 subjects were examined as to the occurrence of neutralizing antibodies against the three types of poliomyelitis virus. Five different age groups were included in the study, viz. 3–4 years, 8 years, 13 years, and about 25 and 50 years. As a rule, in the regions with a low attack rate of paralytic poliomyelitis the incidence of antibodies at an early age was higher than in regions with a high attack rate. In areas where numerous paralytic cases occurred during the epidemic period in 1953, the incidence of antibodies against type 1 predominated over the two other types. This was true even of age classes which earlier had lived through years with a particularly high poliomyelitis incidence.

Seroimmune patterns for poliomyelitis in Sweden.

1.

A dermal strain of vaccinia virus was grown in tissue culture of bovine embryonic skin. Minced skin suspended in the embryo's own extra embryonic fluid was found to be the most suitable method for a large scale production of smallpox vaccine.




2.

The bacteria-free culture vaccine, thus obtained, has a uniform potency, needs a minimum of control work, is many hundred times cheaper to produce and can be used immediately.




3.

The keeping quality of the glycerinated culture vaccine seems to be the same as that of the calf vaccine. It retains its activity for at least 18 months at −9° C and for 10 weeks at +4° C.




4.

More than 2000 persons were vaccinated with the culture vaccine without any complications or untoward reactions. The appearance of the lesions and the clinical course of the vaccination was similar to those produced by the ordinary calf lymph. A 100 per cent immune response was obtained in a group of children revaccinated after about one year with an ordinary vaccine of high potency.

The production of smallpox vaccine in tissue culture of bovine embryonic skin.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Tore Wesslén

Author Tools

Chat about Author