Goal: Public administration is constantly changing in response to new challenges, including the implementation of new technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) This new dynamic has caught the attention of political leaders who are finding ways to restrain or regulate AI in public services, but also of scholars who are raising legitimate concerns about its impacts on public employment In light of the above, the aim of this research is to analyze the influence of AI on public employment and the ways politics are reacting
Design/Methodology/Approach: We have performed a systematic literature review to disclose the state-of-the-art and to find new avenues for future research
Results: The results indicate that public services require four kinds of intelligence – mechanical, analytical, intuitive, and empathetic – albeit, with much less expression than in private services
Limitations of the investigation: This systematic review provides a snapshot of the influence of AI on public employment Thus, our research does not cover the whole body of knowledge, but it presents a holistic understanding of the phenomenon
Practical implications: As private companies are typically more advanced in the implementation of AI technologies, the for-profit sector may provide significant contributions in the way states can leverage public services through the deployment of AI technologies
Originality/Value: This article highlights the need for states to create the necessary conditions to legislate and regulate key technological advances, which, in our opinion, has been done, but at a very slow pace

/pdf/influence-of-artificial-intelligence-on-public-employment-12lmejx4z0.pdf

Influence of artificial intelligence on public employment and its impact on politics: A systematic literature review

This chapter focuses on the way speech recognition, processing, and synthesis help in the healthcare. The chapter begins with the basic idea of speech recognition in the domain, and it particularly focuses on a complete healthcare project so as to obtain a clear understanding of the value of speech processing. The chapter also provides detailed information about how speech synthesis affects healthcare and its business model.

Speech Processing in Healthcare: Can We Integrate?

We have introduced a novel Myanmar text to speech (MyanmarTTS) system with rulebased tone synthesis. Myanmar is a tonal language that possesses unique characteristics compared with other tonal languages such as Chinese, Vietnamese and Thai. Such languages have complicated fundamental-frequency (F0) patterns of tones, and F0 is of foremost importance. Myanmar tones are unique in their simplistic pattern related not only to F0 but also, more specifically to duration. Myanmar tones have different durations between short-tone and long-tone groups. In accordance, we defined a tone rule employing two parameters F0 at the center of the syllable and the syllable’s duration. The rule is implemented with a linear F0 pattern. Large variability exists in the F0 and duration uttered by different speakers of different syllables. Hence, for tone synthesis, normalization of the F0 and duration is important and necessary to discriminate tones. We proposed a normalization method and the effectiveness of this method was confirmed in the distribution of the F0 and duration. The intelligibility of the synthesized tone was confirmed through listening tests with correct rates of 95.6% for male and 97.8% for female speech. As a result, we showed that the linear pattern is sufficient for Myanmar tone synthesis.

http://ir.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/bitstream/20.500.12000/20526/1/riken208 .pdf

Myanmar Text-To-Speech System with Rule-based Tone Synthesis

This study presents a method to enable the visually impaired Muslim to learn and read the Al-Quran using Braille Display with software help The system reads the database which contains all verses of Al-Quran and user will need to select the verse and ayah to read Besides that, this system can be used in a class to teach visually impaired students to learn Al-Quran Every word or character typed by the instructor in the main Braille Panel will be transmitted to the sub Braille Panel that is connected to the main Braille Panel The selected verse of Al-Quran and ayah will also generate an index before being transmitted to the Braille Panel The index will be transmitted to the Braille Display for people to touch and read the display A user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) will be used to fulfill the ergonomics for the visually impaired user's physical capabilities Several approaches are used to design and implement the interface for the visually impaired like speech or sound output and Braille display The Braille codes can be displayed using the Braille panel The design interface and structure of the system for the visually impaired users in learning Al-Quran is presented

/pdf/user-friendly-system-for-the-visually-impaired-in-learning-4spwmbfyd6.pdf

User friendly system for the visually impaired in learning Al-Quran

A universal HTML-based communication is described and experimentally implemented in the EMA employment agent. EMA can contact any HTML-based program or database on the Internet on the basis of a single observation of a user filling input forms. After one observation, EMA is capable of gathering information on its own by modifying familiar input forms. While EMA in theory communicates with any other program on the Internet, its performance strongly relies on domain knowledge allowing reasonable guessing about the meaning of major input fields. Another human-type communication in the system is by speech using a Microsoft agent in English and our speech system in Slovenian. The system is in use for seven years. The number of accesses equals all residents in our country in one year.

A Uniform Internet-Communicative Agent

Improvements in slovene text-to-speech synthesis.

While text-to-speech (TTS) systems for major world languages are quite advanced, smaller languages, like our Slovenian language, lack quality TTS synthesis. At the “Jožef Stefan” Institute a system called SPEAKER (GOVOREC) has been developed. It is capable of automatic conversion of any Slovenian text into speech. The different phases of the synthesis task are performed by several sequentially operating independent modules: text analysis, prosody generation and segmental concatenation. The first module is comprised of text normalization and grapheme-to-phoneme conversion tasks. In order to generate rules for our synthesis scheme, data were collected by analysing the readings of ten speakers, five males and five females. A two-level approach has been used for duration modeling, and a so-called superpositional approach for pitch modeling. A speech waveform is synthesized using unit selection-based methods and a concatenative TD-PSOLA or HNM+ technique. The system was first implemented in the EMA employment agent, which provides information about available jobs in Slovenia and is now used by members of the Slovenian Foundation for the Blind and Vision-Impaired. Then, it was given free of charge to all people with disabilities. The system was awarded with the first prize for innovation in the field of life improvements for people with disabilities (given by the Government Office for the Disabled and Chronically Sick of the Republic of Slovenia). SPEAKER is freely accessible for non-commercial purposes through the Internet. Currently, several leading Slovenian telecommunication companies are testing the system for providing information (e-mail, short messaging service—SMS, weather reports, traffic information) through mobile phones.

SPEAKER (GOVOREC): A Complete Slovenian Text-to Speech System

A speech module in an agent system

The SoundHint system that will enable blind and partially sightless people to independently use applications written for Windows 98 and NT environment is under development. The goal is to develop an application that will vocally describe the interface of any application, read text from the screen, tell which control or window has focus, read icons, menus, folders, file names, etc. This will make visually impaired people capable of using applications originally intended for GUI users. The main part of the system is our Slovenian text-to-speech synthesizer. It is based on the concatenation of basic speech units using a TD-PSOLA technique. Acoustic segments inventory consists of diphones and some frequently used polyphones. This synthesizer is also used in an employment agent EMA that provides employment information through the Internet.

SoundHint system for blind and partially sightless people

At the "Jozef Stefan" Institute a system called GOVOREC (SPEAKER) has been developed, which is capable of automatic conversion of any Slovenian text into speech. The different phases of the synthesis task are performed by several sequentially operating independent modules (text analysis, prosody generation and segmental concatenation), which are pipelined together. Each module is responsible for one portion of the problem of converting from text into speech. We use the phrase "text analysis" as a cover term for all of the computations involved in the first two modules of our synthesizer. That comprises such tasks as end-of-sentence detection, abbreviation and number expansion, special formats conversion, morphological analysis and phonological modeling, accentuation and phrasing. The paper describes the methods and techniques that are used in this process in more detail.

Text analysis for the Slovenian text-to-speech system

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