Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis

Major and trace (including arsenic) groundwater chemistry in central and southern Myanmar

Intensive and incessant disruptions in watercourses such as dams are taking place due to the growing demand for hydroelectric generation, and can result in severe deterioration of ecosystem integrity. This research concentrates on the impact of dams on macroinvertebrate communities downstream of two hydropower dams on tributaries of the upper Ayeyarwady River basin (Myitnge and Chaungmagyi Rivers) in Myanmar. A total of 52 and 49 aquatic invertebrate taxa with a total abundance of 2743 and 1356 were collected from the Myitnge and Chuangamgyi Rivers respectively. We found the natural flow regime changed in both study rivers after the construction of the dams. Consequently, the communities of morphospecies of taxa and the very sensitive insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, and Odonata, EPTO) were significantly different between upstream and downstream of both dams. We used the preliminary Myanmar Aquatic Biomonitoring Assessment Index to detect ecological water quality. The results of the index using all taxa at family-level showed that the ecological water quality indices upstream of the dams were better than those indices downstream of the dams. Our research showed that macroinvertebrates communities can be used as a bioindicator to detect the impact of human influences on river health such as dams. We concluded that the novel biomonitoring assessment tool recently developed for Myanmar is a promising monitoring tool as further river development occurs in Myanmar, which could also be linked to citizen science projects.

/pdf/aquatic-macroinvertebrate-community-changes-downstream-of-51iezdm565.pdf

Aquatic macroinvertebrate community changes downstream of the hydropower generating dams in Myanmar–Potential negative impacts from increased power generation

Anthropogenic pressures such as river infrastructure, agriculture and power generation are rapidly increasing in Southeast Asia, aimed at providing food security within the region. However, this will lead to unintended river health consequences, and, currently, most Southeast Asian countries have no country-specific tools for monitoring river health. In Myanmar, one of Southeast Asia’s poorest and most rapidly developing countries, no country-specific tools exist, and there is an urgent need to provide tools that can inform better management and trade-off decision making. This research evaluated three rapid macroinvertebrate bioassessment methods under Myanmar conditions. The objective of the research was to assess the applicability of existing internationally accepted indexing methods for use in Myanmar. Through taxa identification in the laboratory and statistical analysis, it was concluded that the method with the best fit for Myanmar taxa is The Asia Foundation index method, although differences were small. This Asia Foundation method is comparable to the Australian Waterwatch method but includes a family present in our samples that is not included in the Waterwatch method. We then modified this method to include Myanmar taxa not recorded in The Asia Foundation method. The modified index method could be further developed into a Myanmar specific tool for widespread use potentially in combination with the also tested miniSASS, a much easier order-based method better suitable for non-professionals. We recommend additional testing using sites on other rivers across the country to establish a professional indexing method for Myanmar.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/5/1408/pdf

The Urgent Need for River Health Biomonitoring Tools for Large Tropical Rivers in Developing Countries: Preliminary Development of a River Health Monitoring Tool for Myanmar Rivers

Ecological condition, biodiversity and major environmental challenges in a tropical river network in the Bago District in South-central Myanmar: First insights to the unknown

Ministry of Natural Resource and Environmental Conservation, Myanmar Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway

Characterization of the Bago Sub-basin Pilot implementing the EU Water Framework Directive

Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Myanmar; Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Norway

Integrated Water Resources Management in Myanmar. Water usage and introduction to water quality criteria for lakes and rivers in Myanmar. Preliminary report.

Bago River Sub-basin Management Plan

Environmental objectives and abatement measures for a healthy Bago River, A contribution to the Bago River Sub-basin Management Plan

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Papers

Characterization of the Bago Sub-basin Pilot implementing the EU Water Framework Directive

Integrated Water Resources Management in Myanmar. Water usage and introduction to water quality criteria for lakes and rivers in Myanmar. Preliminary report.

Bago River Sub-basin Management Plan

Environmental objectives and abatement measures for a healthy Bago River, A contribution to the Bago River Sub-basin Management Plan