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The Theory of Communicative Action, Vol. 1, Reason and the Rationalization of Society

Recent hypotheses argue that phylogenetic relatedness should predict both the niche differences that stabilise coexistence and the average fitness differences that drive competitive dominance. These still largely untested predictions complicate Darwin’s hypothesis that more closely related species less easily coexist, and challenge the use of community phylogenetic patterns to infer competition. We field parameterised models of competitor dynamics with pairs of 18 California annual plant species, and then related species’ niche and fitness differences to their phylogenetic distance. Stabilising niche differences were unrelated to phylogenetic distance, while species’ average fitness showed phylogenetic structure. This meant that more distant relatives had greater competitive asymmetry, which should favour the coexistence of close relatives. Nonetheless, coexistence proved unrelated to phylogeny, due in part to increasing variance in fitness differences with phylogenetic distance, a previously overlooked property of such relationships. Together, these findings question the expectation that distant relatives should more readily coexist.

/pdf/phylogenetic-relatedness-and-the-determinants-of-competitive-44ubobli7f.pdf

Phylogenetic relatedness and the determinants of competitive outcomes.

Women’s participation in slut shaming is often viewed as internalized oppression: they apply disadvantageous sexual double standards established by men. This perspective grants women little agency and neglects their simultaneous location in other social structures. In this article we synthesize insights from social psychology, gender, and culture to argue that undergraduate women use slut stigma to draw boundaries around status groups linked to social class—while also regulating sexual behavior and gender performance. High-status women employ slut discourse to assert class advantage, defining themselves as classy rather than trashy, while low-status women express class resentment—deriding rich, bitchy sluts for their exclusivity. Slut discourse enables, rather than constrains, sexual experimentation for the high-status women whose definitions prevail in the dominant social scene. This is a form of sexual privilege. In contrast, low-status women risk public shaming when they attempt to enter dominant social worlds.

/pdf/good-girls-gender-social-class-and-slut-discourse-on-campus-4mch6mwck4.pdf

''Good Girls'': Gender, Social Class, and Slut Discourse on Campus

Engaging men and boys as participants and stakeholders in gender-based violence (GBV) prevention initiatives is an increasingly institutionalized component of global efforts to end GBV. Accordingly, evidence of the impact of men's engagement endeavors is beginning to emerge, particularly regarding interventions aimed at fostering gender equitable and nonviolent attitudes and behaviors among men. This developing evidence base suggests that prevention programs with a "gender transformative" approach, or an explicit focus on questioning gender norms and expectations, show particular promise in achieving GBV prevention outcomes. Interventions targeting attitude and behavior change, however, represent just one kind of approach within a heterogeneous collection of prevention efforts around the globe, which can also include community mobilization, policy change, and social activism. The degree to which gender transformative principles inform this broader spectrum of men's engagement work is unclear. The goals of this article are twofold. First, we offer a conceptual model that captures and organizes a broader array of men's antiviolence activities in three distinct but interrelated domains: (1) initial outreach and recruitment of previously unengaged males, (2) interventions intended to promote gender-equitable attitudes and behavior among men, and (3) gender equity-related social action aimed at eradicating GBV, inclusive of all genders' contributions. Second, we review empirical literature in each of these domains. Across these two goals, we critically assess the degree to which gender transformative principles inform efforts within each domain, and we offer implications for the continuing conceptualization and assessment of efforts to increase men's participation in ending GBV.

/pdf/gender-transformative-approaches-to-engaging-men-in-gender-4bxp0ewv03.pdf

Gender Transformative Approaches to Engaging Men in Gender-Based Violence Prevention: A Review and Conceptual Model:

/pdf/redefining-rape-sexual-violence-in-the-era-of-suffrage-and-3e0n128a5l.pdf

Redefining Rape: Sexual Violence in the Era of Suffrage and Segregation

This study analyzed whether it was possible to successfully transfer an experience of dialogic literary gatherings (DLGs) developed in a prison in the Basque Country (Spain), which was found to enhance the participants’ readiness to return to their communities. A case study was conducted in a different prison in Catalonia that comprised interviews and focus groups with a group of female prisoners and volunteers involved in the DLG. The communicative analysis conducted showed that the replication of the DLG allowed the participants to discuss and reflect on their biographies and their expected pathways upon release, thus opening possibilities for personal and social change. The results show that participants perceived the DLG as a helpful resource for social reintegration and suggest that DLGs can be transferred to different correctional institutions.

/pdf/beyond-the-walls-the-social-reintegration-of-prisoners-4p27ak0me5.pdf

Beyond the Walls: The Social Reintegration of Prisoners Through the Dialogic Reading of Classic Universal Literature in Prison.

/pdf/learning-and-inclusivity-via-interactive-groups-in-early-43om83oknb.pdf

Learning and inclusivity via Interactive Groups in early childhood education and care in the Hope school, Spain

/pdf/paying-for-the-party-how-college-maintains-inequality-3i1sl93edb.pdf

Paying for the Party. How College Maintains Inequality.

Violence against women at universities is a major problem that is widely analyzed and recognized in most countries, especially in the United States. Data evidences high incidence rates such as 19% of college students have experienced attempted or completed sexual assault since starting their higher education (Krebs et al., 2007). Pioneer research focused on evidencing the existence of gender violence, developing tools to measure the scope of the problem and analyzed the influence of power structures in higher education. Consequences have been found devastating and refer to the victims’ health as well as to academic consequences for the victim and the institution (Cortina et al., 1998; Fitzgerald et al., 1988; Kirkpatrick & Kanin, 1957). Recently, literature mainly focuses on gender violence prevention due to the persistence of the problem highlighting the role of the community for more effective prevention strategies (Banyard et al., 2005). In Spain, pioneer research is very recent and evidences the existence of gender violence as well as the silence that reigns in Spanish universities representing a major force of resistance. However, progress has been made and research results have led to changes in the legislation mandating the institution of specific mechanisms. Yet, prevention of VAW at Spanish universities is crucial to turn them into spaces free of violence. The present research departs from the analysis of communicative acts that are present among the Spanish university community analyzing and that promote violence against women in Spanish universities and those that help to overcome it. Research on the prevention of VAW has demonstrated that the analysis of communicative acts provides elements to effectively contribute to overcoming these situations. 

The Communicative Methodology is used which has been recommended by the European Commission for research with vulnerable groups. It aims at social transformation by focusing on both, the barriers to overcoming VAW at universities as well as the possibilities to overcoming it. Departing from an extensive review of the existing scientific literature and documentary on the prevention of VAW at universities and communicative acts, diverse data collection techniques are employed: communicative daily life stories with victims of VAW at universities; in-depth interviews with institutional representatives mainly related to gender issues, and with faculty who have supported victims of gender violence and are fighting for eradicating VAW at universities.

Results evidence the existence of violence in the communicative acts among the Spanish university community as well as communicative acts that promote violence and those that change the interactions among the university community contributing to preventing gender violence in Spanish higher education. The existing mechanisms to tackle gender violence are subordinate to the prevailing power structures which are maintained in communicative acts. Still, there are increasing initiatives that evidence changes in Spanish universities. The emergence of the first peer-to-peer network, the Solidarity network of victims of gender violence in universities, evidences these changes and contribute to increasing communicative acts that effectively tackle gender violence. The present research evidences the possibilities of contributing to gender violence prevention when communicative acts that are free of gender violence and that challenge the power structures are promoted.

/pdf/universities-free-of-gender-violence-communicative-acts-24duwzcfv8.pdf

Universities free of Gender Violence. Communicative acts among the university community that overcome gender violence in Spanish universities

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