Exploring built environment correlates of walking for different purposes: Evidence for substitution

In high-density cities, physical activity (PA) diversity is an essential indicator of public health and urban vitality, and how to meet the demands of diverse PA in a limited residential built environment is critical for promoting public health. This study selected Shenzhen, China, as a representative case; combined the diversity of PA participants, types, and occurrence times to generate a comprehensive understanding of PA diversity; fully used data from multiple sources to measure and analyze PA diversity and residential built environment; analyzed the relationships between the built environment and PA diversity; and explored the different effects in clustered and sprawled high-density urban forms. PAs in clustered areas were two times more diverse than those in sprawled areas. Accessibility, inclusiveness, and landscape attractiveness of residential built environment jointly improved PA diversity. Clustered areas had significant advantages in supporting PA diversity since they could keep the balance between dense residence and landscape reservation with an accessible and inclusive public space system. The residential built environment with dense street networks, public traffic and service, multi-functional public space system, and attractive landscapes is crucial to improve the diverse PA to achieve more public health outputs in high-density cities. To promote health-oriented urban development, clustered urban form is advocated, and step-forward strategies should be carried out.

The Effects of Residential Built Environment on Supporting Physical Activity Diversity in High-Density Cities: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China.

A study on street walkability for older adults with different mobility abilities combining street view image recognition and deep learning - The case of Chengxianjie Community in Nanjing (China)

Against the backdrop of accelerating population aging and scarce elderly care resources and facilities in China, the issue of the sense of safety among the elderly has received widespread attention. This article is based on data from the China Labor Force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) in 2016 and takes three major urban agglomerations as examples to examine the impact mechanisms of urban built environments on elderly people’s sense of safety. The results indicate that the characteristics of the urban built environment, the social environment, and individual health affect the safety perceptions of the elderly. Among them, urbanization rate, hospital facilities, population density, greening rate, air quality, and frequency of dining out have significant impacts on elderly people’s sense of safety. Simultaneously, good daily exercise and mental health status can significantly improve elderly people’s sense of safety. This article summarizes the existing problems of aging-friendly spaces and facilities in three major urban agglomerations, proposes planning strategies to enhance elderly people’s sense of safety, and provides a useful reference for urban aging-friendly transformations and an elderly-friendly society. 

The Impact of Urban Built Environments on Elderly People’s Sense of Safety and Adaptation to Aging: A Case Study of Three Major Urban Agglomerations in China

Using GIS-based measurements and MLR for understanding the effect of street network characteristics on walking

The built environment is an important factor affecting physical activity, especially walkability. Walkability is used to characterize the user friendliness of outdoor physical activity. However, studies on walkability and physical activity are mainly concentrated on low-density Western cities. Study on the walkability of high-density cities in Asia, especially with the elderly, is seriously lacking. And walkability is often used as a composite indicator. This study mainly re-examines the relationship between the common indicators of walkability (population density, street connectivity, land-use mix, and retail density), transport-related walking, and leisure-time walking with older adults in China's megacities. Twelve housing estates in Wuhan were selected for study areas. We explored the association between the walking activities of 1,161 elderly people (≥60 years old) and the indicators of walkability in their neighborhoods. Socio-demographic characteristics were controlled in the multilevel logistic regression models of the built environment walking associations. We found that there was no significant correlation between the four indicators of walkability and transport-related walking. Street connectivity is significantly positively correlated with the participants' leisure-time walking (OR = 1.499, 95% CI = 1.068~2.103), and there was no significant correlation between the other indicator of walkability and leisure-time walking. The results show that there was no statistical correlation between walkability and transport-related walking in the elderly, and only one indicator was related to leisure-time walking. It is extremely important to re-examine the characteristics of built environments and elderly walking activities in high-density cities. Only by implementing effective intervention strategies in different urban backgrounds can cities move toward a more active and healthier path.

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Associations Between Built Environment Characteristics and Walking in Older Adults in a High-Density City: A Study From a Chinese Megacity.

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Associations Between Built Environment Characteristics and Walking in Older Adults in a High-Density City: A Study From a Chinese Megacity.