Sensor stability is defined as the ability to maintain a relatively stable and repeatable signal over a sufficient period. Long-term stability for gas sensors is an essential capability for carrying out long-term data collection of human exhaled breath, environmental monitoring and other gas detection in the modern electronic information age. This article reviews the research advances on the stability of metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors in the past five years. The impact of structure, environment, toxicity and sensor array on the sensor stability are discussed. Then, the improvement schemes of existing materials and structure design are summarized. The achievements of structure doping, humidity, anti-poisoning and photoactivation are overviewed. Finally, the great significance of elucidating the sensing mechanism and carrying out the life acceleration test for future research and development is pointed out.

Stability of Metal Oxide Semiconductor Gas Sensors: A Review

Considering the short-term exposure limit of SO2 to be 5 ppm, we first time report that semiconductor sensors based on vanadium doped SnO2 can be used for SO2 leak detection because of their good sensitivity towards SO2 at concentrations down to 5 ppm. Such sensors are quite selective in presence of other gases like carbon monoxide, methane and butane. The high sensitivity of vanadium doped tin dioxide towards SO2 may be understood by considering the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide on SnO2 surface through redox cycles of vanadium-sulfur-oxygen adsorbed species.

Vanadium doped tin dioxide as a novel sulfur dioxide sensor (vol 75, pg 385, 2008)

The future intelligent era that will be brought about by 5G technology can be well predicted. For example, the connection between humans and smart wearable devices will become increasingly more intimate. Flexible wearable pressure sensors have received much attention as a part of this process. Nevertheless, there is a lack of complete and detailed discussion on the recent research status of capacitive pressure sensors composed of polymer composites. Therefore, this article will mainly discuss the key concepts, preparation methods and main performance of flexible wearable capacitive sensors. The concept of a processing “toolbox” is used to review the developmental status of the dielectric layer as revealed in highly cited literature from the past five years. The preparation methods are categorized into types of processing: primary and secondary. Using these categories, the preparation methods and structure of the dielectric layer are discussed. Their influence on the final capacitive sensing behavior is also addressed. Recent developments in the electrode layer are also systematically reviewed. Finally, the results of the above discussion are summarized and future development trends are discussed. 

Recent progress in flexible capacitive sensors: Structures and properties

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/1/114/pdf?version=1673260296

Recent Advances in Sensing Materials Targeting Clinical Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Biomarkers: A Review

Potential progress in SnO2 nanostructures for enhancing photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

Hazardous gases have been strongly associated with being a detriment to human life within the environment. The development of a reliable gas sensor with high response and selectivity is of great significance for detecting different hazardous gases. TiO2 nanomaterials are promising candidates with great potential and excellent performance in gas sensor applications, such as hydrogen, acetone, ammonia, and ethanol detection. This review begins with a detailed discussion of the different dimensional morphologies of TiO2, which affect the gas sensing performance of TiO2 sensors. The diverse morphologies of TiO2 can easily be tuned by regulating the manufacturing conditions. Meanwhile, they exhibit unique characteristics for detecting gases, including large specific surface area, superior electron transport rates, extraordinary permeability, and active reaction sites, which offer new opportunities to improve the gas sensing properties. In addition, a variety of efforts have been made to functional TiO2 nanomaterials to further enhance sensing properties, including TiO2-based composites and light-assisted gas sensors. The enhanced gas sensing mechanisms of multi-component composite nanomaterials based on TiO2 include loaded noble metals, doped elements, constructed heterojunctions, and compounded with other functional materials. Finally, several studies have been summarized to demonstrate the comparative sensing properties of TiO2-based gas sensors.

Gas sensors based on TiO2 nanostructured materials for the detection of hazardous gases: A review

SnO2 has been extensively used in the detection of various gases. As a gas sensing material, SnO2 has excellent physical-chemical properties, high reliability, and short adsorption-desorption time. The application of the traditional SnO2 gas sensor is limited due to its higher work-temperature, low gas response, and poor selectivity. Nanomaterials can significantly impact gas-sensitive properties due to the quantum size, surface, and small size effects of nanomaterials. By applying nanotechnology to the preparation of SnO2, the SnO2 nanomaterial-based sensors could show better performance, which greatly expands the application of SnO2 gas sensors. In this review, the preparation method of the SnO2 nanostructure, the types of gas detected, and the improvements of SnO2 gas-sensing performances via elemental modification are introduced as well as the future development of SnO2 is discussed.

SnO2 nanostructured materials used as gas sensors for the detection of hazardous and flammable gases: A review

High sensitivity electrochemical detection of ultra-trace imidacloprid in fruits and vegetables using a Fe-rich FeCoNi-MOF.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a colorless and irritating volatile organic compound, which has been proven to be one of the raw materials that cause pathological building syndrome, as well as a major source of indoor environmental pollution. Long-term exposure of human body to formaldehyde will cause certain health risks, so it is of great practical significance to develop a fast and effective formaldehyde detection sensor. Tin dioxide (SnO2), an n-type semiconductor metal oxide with a specific bandgap (3.62 eV, at 300 K), has been widely used as efficient sensors material for hazardous gases detecting. Different ratios of Sm-doped SnO2 nanoparticles had been successfully prepared by a simple solvothermal route and used as sensing materials in this work. The sample structure, micromorphology, and ingredient were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and other methods of formaldehyde gas-sensing characteristics were studied. The results shown the optimum compound ratio of Sm-doped SnO2 nanoparticles was 5.0 mol%, the optimal operating temperature was 160 °C, and the sensor shown high gas response, reliable stability and selectivity to formaldehyde. The sensor shown the outstanding gas-sensing performances to formaldehyde ascribed the average grain size of the Sm-doped SnO2 nanoparticles and the positive role of Sm. Besides, the possible gas-sensing mechanism of the prepared sensor to formaldehyde was analyzed in detail.

Sm-doped SnO 2 nanoparticles synthesized via solvothermal method as a high-performance formaldehyde sensing material for gas sensors

Electrochemical sensor based on molecularly imprinted poly-arginine for highly sensitive and selective erythromycin determination

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